Road safety mass media campaigns: Why are results inconclusive,and what can be done?

Recent research literature on the effectiveness (or otherwise) of promoting road safety via mass media advertising is selectively reviewed. The overall picture from this is inconclusive: effects of substantial size have been rare, but effects of small size cannot be ruled out. It is then argued that attempts to use crash data to establish or disprove the cost-effectiveness of campaigns are, indeed, doomed to failure: the random variability in crash numbers is too great (and even low effectiveness may be sufficient as campaigns are very cheap per person reached). It is suggested that evaluation may need to be based on before and after comparison of behaviours or variables that can be objectively observed and are closely linked to safety – and in order to substantiate the behaviour-safety link, credible theories are needed.     

金融系统紧耦合，风险互动与国际金融危机

现代金融危机破坏性之所以越来越强烈，一个重要的原因是金融市场的复杂性和紧耦合度越来越高，由此导致各类风险的相互作用、相互加强，并最终导致系统风险的形成。该文基于工程学视角描述了这一机制的演变过程及其在此次国际金融危机中的表现，并提出松弛金融系统紧耦合性的相应建议。     

运用统计分析法,降低设备故障率

设备故障率的高低,对生产设备稳定运行有着重要的影响。该文通过统计分析的方法,找到影响设备运行的不利因素和设备事故发生的规律及趋势,并加以控制,提高设备作业率。     

Geographic analysis of road accident severity index in Nigeria

Before 2030, deaths from road traffic accidents (RTAs) will surpass cerebrovascular disease, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Yet, there is little knowledge on the geographic distribution of RTA severity in Nigeria. Accident Severity Index is the proportion of deaths that result from a road accident. This study analysed the geographic pattern of RTA severity based on the data retrieved from Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). The study predicted a two-year data from a historic road accident data using exponential smoothing technique. To determine spatial autocorrelation, global and local indicators of spatial association were implemented in a geographic information system. Results show significant clusters of high RTA severity among states in the northeast and the northwest of Nigeria. Hence, the findings are discussed from two perspectives: Road traffic law compliance and poor emergency response. Conclusion, the severity of RTA is high in the northern states of Nigeria, hence, RTA remains a public health concern.     

完善河北省劳动安全保障问题的若干思考

随着河北经济的快速发展,劳动安全问题日益显现,劳动者的安全关系到社会的稳定发展,具有重大意义。本文基于河北省劳动安全现状,找出了存在的主要问题,在分析其成因的基础上,提出了解决对策,从而为更加有效地保护劳动者身体健康和生命安全,保证和谐劳动关系的构建提供借鉴。     

浅析职工上下班途中的工伤认定

随着2011年1月1日新《工伤保险条例》的正式实施,新条例进一步明确和扩大了职工上下班途中工伤认定范围,却也引发了一系列新的思考,诸如上下班途中如何界定、非本人主要责任范围的确定、非交通事故能否认定为工伤等问题,都值得我们认真去探讨和研究。本文将结合具体案例探讨职工上下班途中工伤认定条文的理解和适用问题。     

基于分区模式城市燃气管网水力可靠性管理技术

针对大型城市燃气环状管网(环网)存在的问题,探讨城市燃气管网采用分区模式的条件及分区方法、分区模式下城市燃气管网水力可靠性管理技术,并以某市燃气管网为例进行分区模式管网水力计算和可靠性计算。结果表明,集中型城市燃气管网采用分区模式是可行的,是一种较好的集中型燃气管网模式。     

浅析调控一体化模式下变电站事故处理

本文主要讲述在调控一体化模式下,变电站发生事故时,监控、调度、运维人员三方的配合及事故处理的程序和主要注意事项。     

基于录井数据的钻井事故预警理论

灰色关联理论和机械比能在钻井事故的实时监控与预测控制方面存在着巨大的潜力。这两种理论可以预测钻头泥包、钝化、井底泥包和钻柱振动失效等事故。通过对这两种理论的合理利用,可有效的提高钻井事故监测与预报准确性,减少钻井过程中没必要的损失。     

如何有效处理桩基事故

桩基质量的好坏直接影响到建筑成本的高低与上部结构的安全与否,桩基事故一旦发生会对工程本身造成不必要的损失,桩基事故的原因往往比较复杂,本文通过对桩基事故进行一系列粗浅分析,探讨了事故发生时如何权衡经济性、合理性,选择安全可靠、成本低、可行的处理措施。