Estimation of traffic accident costs: a prompted model

Traffic accidents are the reason for 25% of unnatural deaths in Iran. The main objective of this study is to find a simple model for the estimation of economic costs especially in Islamic countries (like Iran) in a straightforward manner. The model can show the magnitude of traffic accident costs with monetary equivalent. Data were collected from different sources that included traffic police records, insurance companies and hospitals. The conceptual framework, in our study, was based on the method of Ayati. He used this method for the estimation of economic costs in Iran. We promoted his method via minimum variables. Our final model has only three available variables which can be taken from insurance companies and police records. The running model showed that the traffic accident costs were US$2.2 million in 2007 for our case study route.     

Evaluating performance of a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) in a low-income country: a case study from Pakistan

The World Health Organization recommends identifying a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) within the government to coordinate preventive interventions. As LRSAs in developing countries have rarely been evaluated, this case study describes the performance of the LRSA of Pakistan with respect to the World Bank criteria. The designated LRSA, the National Road Safety Secretariat, was put into operation in 2006 and worked for about two years with World Bank funding. The agency had a stand-alone structure headed by an experienced road safety specialist during the first year only and faced difficulty in recruiting other required experts. The LRSA drafted the first National Road Safety Plan, including strategic review of road safety and existing legislation, articulated multisectorial collaboration nationally and provincially, and collected traffic injury data in some districts. Its progress was halted by its dissolution because of funding problems. Currently, two agencies specialising in traffic enforcement and transport research respectively are fulfilling LRSA functions on an ad-hoc basis. Results suggest that sustainability and consistency of LRSAs in developing countries like Pakistan may only be ensured if they are legally protected, inter-ministerial, have permanent funding and are provided with the required expertise through international cooperation, so they can perform their required functions effectively.     

污染事故的经济损失评估:以松花江污染事件为例

污染事故的经济损失评估是环境核算的重点和难点。论文以松花江污染事件为例,对事件进行了系统分析,构建了损失评估指标体系,然后按直接经济损失和间接经济损失计算了污染事件的经济损失值,并对结果的不确定性进行了讨论,最后给出了改进方向。     

浅谈建筑施工中伤亡事故的产生原因及对策

从总体上来看,近几年建设工程中的安全形势有所改善,但情况仍然比较严峻,事故发生率仅次于采矿业。如何从各类事故中找出原因,吸取教训,并加以改善,是当前建筑行业安全管理工作的重中之重。     

某新建炼油厂放空气管线试压膨胀节损坏事故分析

膨胀节之所以能够在许多行业中得到广泛应用,除具有良好的补偿能力之外,高可靠性是主要原因。其可靠性是通过设计、制造、安装、运行管理等多个环节来保证的,任何一个环节的失控都会导致膨胀节损坏事故的发生。本文通过一次事故案例分析膨胀节损坏事故的可能原因。     

如何有效处理桩基事故

桩基质量的好坏直接影响到建筑成本的高低与上部结构的安全与否,桩基事故一旦发生会对工程本身造成不必要的损失,桩基事故的原因往往比较复杂,本文通过对桩基事故进行一系列粗浅分析,探讨了事故发生时如何权衡经济性、合理性,选择安全可靠、成本低、可行的处理措施。     

工程机械液压系统故障分析与排除

在工程施工领域中,工程机械完好率直接关系到工程进度、质量及成本控制。文章从工程机械发生故障最多的液压系统方面论述了故障形成的原因并提出了排除故障的原则和方法。     

浅谈煤矿机电事故原因及预防措施

煤矿机电事故指机电设备(设施)导致的事故,包括运输设备在安装、检修、调试过程中发生的事故,发生在低、高压电网,直流架空线的人身触电事故等。该文通过分析我国近些年来煤矿机电事故的特点、原因及在煤矿各类事故中所占比例,提出加强煤矿机电事故的预防措施。     

山区公路的路侧事故与改善措施分析

路侧安全设计与改善已成为提高道路安全性能的一项重要手段,是公路设计与维护的重要组成部分。山区公路线形复杂,地形、环境等自然条件较为险峻的区域,很多路段难于提供必要的净空区,安全隐患复杂,容易导致翻车、坠车等严重路侧事故,造成大量的人员伤亡和财产损失。道路交通事故约三分之一的致命事故发生在路侧。本文通过对数例路侧事故的深度研究,分析了云南山区严重路侧事故不断发生的主要原因,包括超速行驶、路面湿滑、防护设施缺乏等驾驶员、车辆,道路以及环境等方面的原因,提出了相应的改善对策和措施,对改善山区道路的几何设计、路面管理与维护、路侧风险识别与控制和安全防护设施的合理设置,减少车辆冲入路外引起的路侧事故及危险性具有重要意义。     

痕迹学理论在火灾事故调查中的应用初探

本文借鉴工具痕迹学理论中发展较为成熟的同一认定理论,提出了火灾调查同一认定理论以及将该理论应用于火灾事故调查工作中的一般方法与步骤。