试论虚拟网上证券交易场所的法律监管

虚拟网上证券交易场所作为一种智能化的交易系统,允许投资者直接进入交易系统交易,一方面为我国大量未能上市的各类证券提供了流通场所,另一方面也对传统的法律监管构成了挑战。对之无论是按证券公司监管还是按证券交易所监管,都存在一定的困惑。就我国实际来看,从保护投资者利益出发应以证券交易所监管较好,为此我国现行法律需要作出相应的调整。     

Corporate and Individual Influences on Managers' Social Orientation

This paper reports research on the influence of corporate and individual characteristics on managers' social orientation in Germany. The results indicate that mid-level managers expressed a significantly lower social orientation than low-level managers, and that job activity did not impact social orientation. Female respondents expressed a higher social orientation than male respondents. No impact of the political system origin (former East Germany versus former West Germany) on social orientation was shown. Overall, corporate position had a significantly higher impact on social orientation than did the characteristics of the individuals surveyed.     

Accounting and Medicine: An Exploratory Investigation into Physicians’ Attitudes Toward the Use of Standard Cost-Accounting Methods in Medicine

Research studies demonstrate wide variation in how physicians diagnose and treat patients with similar medical conditions and suggest that at least some of the variation reflects inefficiencies and unnecessary medical costs. Health care researchers are actively examining ways to reduce variations in practice through standardization of medicine to reduce the cost of treatment and ensure the quality of outcomes. The most widely accepted form of this standardization is Evidence Based Best Practices (EBBP). Furthermore, financial health care providers such as hospitals and managed care organizations are investigating methods to tie resource usage to medical protocols in their efforts to monitor and control health care costs. Such proposals are contentious because they report on physicians’ medical practice behaviors (such as the number of tests ordered, use of specific therapies, etc.) and such reports could potentially be used to influence their clinical behaviors. The intent of this exploratory study was to examine physicians’ perceptions about linking a standard costing system to EBBP guidelines. The authors interviewed nine practicing physicians asking each physician to respond to the question, ‘As a physician working in a hospital environment, what are your reactions to and concerns with combining standard costing techniques with EBBP?’ The interviews were in-depth and free form in nature. The physicians’ responses were recorded and analyzed using Grounded Theory Methodology. Using this methodology the field data was categorized into two major themes. The most important theme centered on ethics and the second theme was concerned with the implementation and use of a standard cost system in regard to EBBP. If physicians’ worries about ethical dilemmas and implementation issues are not resolved, then it is likely that doctors would be unwilling to participate in any efforts to develop or use a standard cost-reporting system in medicine. While this study was exploratory in nature, it should provide future guidance to accountants, health care researchers and health care providers about physicians’ issues with the use of standard costing methods in medicine.     

海藻多糖的生物活性及医药应用研究新进展

海藻多糖是一类海藻提取物，属于植物多糖中的一种，是一种天然活性物质，具有许多药用功能。近年来有关海藻多糖在医药方面的应用越来越受到人们的关注。本文就其生物活性及其药用功能的研究进展作一综述。     

Ethics in Business: Answering the Call

What might happen if business leaders across the globe viewed their work as a sacred calling in a religious sense? Might not the world be a far better place? This paper is an effort to stimulate debate and discussion on this topic. Concepts addressed include: (a) ethics in business, (b) ethical standards in business settings, (c) the role of law, (d) levels of corporate responsibility, (e) the role of religion in business ethics, (f) the idea of business as a calling in a religious sense, (g) the elements of modern corporate culture, (h) creating an ethical corporate culture, (i) demonstrating corporate social responsibility, and (j) providing servant leadership. The introduction to the paper shows how these concepts interrelate; its conclusion offers a challenge to business leaders to answer their call to business in the truest sense.     

Research note sport tourism versus event tourism: Considerations on a necessary distinction and integration

Abstract

Interest in sport-related tourism increased perceptibly around the millennium, however, a comprehensive conceptual framework for a classification of sport (event) tourism is still missing. The predominant focus of sport tourism encompasses event-related touristic endeavors, such as mega sport events; however, an holistic approach to sport tourism suggests the need for further integration of other sub-areas such as nonevent-related components. This research note, therefore, provides a sport tourism perspective and a methodological approach to establishing the sport tourism cube as a necessary tool for the further distinction and integration of sport and event tourism. The research aim is, therefore, to build a foundation for further scientific research in sport tourism.     

Understanding communal and individual customer experiences in group-oriented event tourism: an activity theory perspective

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study, grounded in activity theory, is to empirically investigate the communal and individual mechanisms that simultaneously shape the customer experience in group-oriented event tourism. Based on a survey of 389 respondents with group travel experience to major events, the results confirm the research model, suggesting that the customer-experience construct constitutes a multidimensional structure comprising second-order components reflecting individual and communal experiences, with each containing first-order constructs. The results further confirm that the customer-experience construct predicts post-consumption evaluations of perceived value and satisfaction. Limitations of the study are outlined, and implications for research and managerial practice for the creation of customer experiences that are valuable and satisfying for group-travel consumers to events are discussed.     

运用公共市场学提高公共组织的社会效益

所有公共组织都面临提高效益的艰巨挑战 ,尽管市场学在工商领域的运用多年来效果显著 ,但是市场学最重要的意义还在于它在公共组织中的实践活动。公共市场学在公共组织的运用已经在发达国家得到了成功。运用公共市场原理和手段 ,为改善公共组织 ,机构和公共团体的经济效益和管理效益 ,提高公共事业的服务质量 ,促进社会进步有重要意义。     

知识管理绩效评估的实证分析

知识管理是企业管理划时代的变革,知识管理的绩效评估体系仍然是一个新的领域,仍处于探索阶段。所以必须在现有知识管理评估方法的基础上,通过对知识管理目标体系的分析和相关指标体系的设计,运用层次分析法和模糊数学方法,建立战略导向的知识管理绩效评估模型,为企业评估、跟踪和实时监测其知识管理活动提供可供参考的理论依据和实施准则。     

成本控制认识的误区及解决对策的探讨

传统的成本控制认识存在着不少的误区,导致了企业成本控制失效,竞争力下降。基于价值链的理论基础和知识经济对企业成本控制的要求,从成本控制的主体、客体、控制方式以及控制目标四个方面来探讨这一问题并提出了解决对策。