关系治理还是契约治理：农地流转治理结构的 转型逻辑与区域差异研究

研究目的：为完善农地产权制度和要素市场化配置机制,从制度、经济与文化三个层面分析农地流转治理结构的转型逻辑与区域差异。研究方法：逻辑演绎法,Biprobit模型。研究结果：（1）促进农地流转从关系治理向契约治理转型的核心驱动因素是产权的界定与实施、流转租金的上涨和人情往来的减少。（2）农地流转治理结构及其转型逻辑存在明显的区域异质性。东部和西部地区更偏向契约治理,中部地区更偏向关系治理。在驱动因素上,东部地区较高的流转租金和完善的土地流转服务是主要的转型驱动力,中部地区的人情文化传统较深,阻碍了农地流转的市场化转型,西部地区的土地确权颁证率较高,发挥出了明显的确权效应。研究结论：（1）完善的农地产权制度是农地流转市场的基石,不仅要保障产权明晰,还要构建有效的产权实施机制;（2）经济利益是驱动农地流转市场转型的重要因素,要促进农地价值形成合理的价格参照系;（3）文化观念是农地流转市场转型的重要支撑,要协调好市场观念与文化传统之间的关系;（4）需因地制宜地推进农地流转市场转型。     

中国询价制度下询价对象的报价行为——基于IPO网下申购报价特征的实证分析

利用2010—2012年中国A股443家询价对象的45630组详细报价的微观数据,构建了"信息优势"询价对象与"信息劣势"询价对象的平均报价之差的代理变量,使用Ordered-probit模型,对中国询价制度下A股市场中是否存在"赢者诅咒"假说进行了检验。进而利用询价阶段的详细报价数据,构建了3个衡量机构投资者审慎报价的代理变量,实证检验了中国第三阶段新股发行制度改革对询价对象报价行为的影响。研究结果表明:"信息优势"投资者与"信息劣势"投资者的平均报价之差与IPO首日抑价率成正比;中国证监会于2012年5月实施新股发行制度改革,显著提高了询价对象报价的审慎程度;导致新股发行抑价率高的主要因素仍是二级市场炒作。     

农村人力资源向人力资本转化有关问题的思考

文章从廓清农村人力资源向人力资本转化的对象,认清农民教育在农村人力资源向人力资本转化过程中的职责,明晰农民教育在农村人力资源向人力资本转化过程中的具体目标等方面,阐述了当前农村人力资源向人力资本转化的具体认识。     

我国企业知识转移与知识转化的相关性解析

知识转移与知识转化是知识资本管理过程中两种关键的知识管理行为,两者既具有一定的联系,又存在着本质的区别。在知识管理研究中,知识转移与知识转化的混淆阻碍了知识管理实践的顺利实施。知识转移与知识转化的区别体现在概念区别、形式区别、内容区别与进程区别四种形式上,而知识转化与知识转化的联系体现在蕴含性、融合性、统一性与同一性四种性能上。随着知识理论研究的深入,知识转移与知识转化辨析的重要性愈益显著,已成为知识理论发展的一个新的方向,从而为知识管理实践提供基础性的理论支持。知识转化与知识转移的实施需要充分发挥知识主体的能动性,采取高度灵活与机动的策略,从知识的视角来对业务流程进行重新审视,对知识转化或知识转移进行重新定位,最终实现知识资本的价值增值。知识转化与知识转移的理论辨析与行为辨析已成为知识管理高级阶段的一项至关重要的知识管理策略。     

Purchasing process models: Inspiration for teaching purchasing and supply management

Most scholars of purchasing and supply management (PSM) are familiar with some form of a purchasing process model (PPM). A PPM is the visual representation of the sequence of activities that constitute purchasing and supply management. Such a visual representation can be a tool in teaching PSM since it gives students an overview of an otherwise intangible process. Moreover, a PPM can also be viewed as a representation of the identity of PSM, providing a schema of what is PSM (and what it is not). In this notes and debates article, a systematic overview of different types of PPMs, and their evolution, is presented, based on a literature review and a survey, with the models being classified as tactical/operational, strategic, cyclical, or decision-making processes. Our first aim is to inspire PSM scholars and educators when they are considering various PPMs to be used in their teaching of PSM. Our second aim is to debate the question where the evolution of PPMs is heading and explore whether a single holistic model can provide an accurate and representative framework to structure purchasing activities both today and in the future.     

C++程序设计教学方法

C++程序设计这门课程比较枯燥,难度大,但它却是计算机相关专业的必修课,也是专业基础课,工作中很实用,应用很广泛。为了提高学生的学习兴趣、主动性,必须采取有效的教学方法。本文就此予以浅述。     

A cost-effectiveness analysis of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel compared to standard care in late stage Parkinson’s disease in the UK

Abstract

Objective:

Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), compared to standard care (SC) in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (aPD) in the UK.

Design:

Markov model to quantify costs and outcomes associated with LCIG versus SC in aPD patients at Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 3, 4 or 5 experiencing >50% OFF time per day. Time horizon was lifetime, LCIG treatment was assumed to last maximal 5 years after which patients revert to SC. Model comprised 12 aPD health states according to H&Y status and daily time spent in OFF state. Cost analyses are reported from a UK NHS and Personal Social Services perspective. Uncertainties were assessed through one-way sensitivity analyses.

Comparators:

LCIG, providing patients with continuous dopaminergic stimulation to maximise functional ON time during the day and SC, defined as medically determined best available oral medication.

Main outcome measures:

Cost-effectiveness, based on quality adjusted life years gained, presented as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

Results:

Lifetime analysis yields an incremental cost per QALY of £36,024 for LCIG compared to SC (incremental cost £39,644, QALY gain 1.1). Results were sensitive to time on treatment, health state on treatment initiation, and estimates of long term benefit (OWSA results from £32,127 to £66,421 per QALY). Findings must be considered in the context of the study limitations which were mainly due to data availability constraints.

Conclusions:

LCIG is an effective treatment, reducing OFF time and improving quality of life in advanced PD. It provides value for money in levodopa-responsive aPD patients with severe motor fluctuations when no other treatment options are effective or suitable. Given LCIG is an orphan drug, it is reasonable to suggest that it may be considered cost-effective in the UK setting. However, further research is needed to complete current data gaps and increase robustness of the model.     

Tax multipliers: Pitfalls in measurement and identification

To analyze the pitfalls in measuring and identifying tax shocks, we build a novel value-added tax rate dataset for the period 1980–2009. The problem of identification (i.e., changes in tax policy not triggered by output fluctuations) is clearly disentangled from the problem of measurement (i.e., finding a tax policy variable under the direct control of policymakers). On the identification front, our results favor the use of narratives à la Romer and Romer (2010). On the measurement front, our findings support the use of tax rates as the true measure of tax policy as opposed to revenue-based measures, such as cyclically adjusted revenues.     

四川岷江航电犍为枢纽工程建设征地实物指标调查

四川岷江航电犍为枢纽工程水库淹没及工程占地影响实物指标较多,而实物指标调查是建设征地移民安置规划的基础性工作及重要内容之一。文章对实物指标调查的依据、原则、范围、过程、内容和方法、公示复核、成果及分析评价等进行了阐述。