Optimum allocation in multivariate stratified random sampling: stochastic matrix mathematical programming

The allocation problem for multivariate stratified random sampling as a problem of stochastic matrix integer mathematical programming is considered, minimizing the estimated covariance matrix of estimated means subject to fixed cost or fixed total sample size. With these aims the asymptotic normality of sample covariance matrices for each strata is established. Some alternative approaches are suggested for its solution. An example is solved by applying the proposed techniques.     

Private Goods,Public Goods,and Common Pools with Homo Reciprocans

Familiar inefficiencies arise with competing interests over private goods in Stackelberg and investment games. Private good experiments reveal whether reciprocity enhances cooperative outcomes. Familiar social dilemmas arise with voluntary provision of public goods and voluntary appropriation from common pools. Experiments with pairs of payoff‐equivalent provision and appropriation games reveal whether reciprocity is more or less effective in ameliorating under‐provision or over‐appropriation. Experiments with asymmetric provision and appropriation games also yield insight into the effects of the Indian caste system on inefficiency from social dilemmas. Experiments with three types of games, with a private good, public good or common pool, provide diagnostic tests of the homo reciprocans model.     

The Incentive Effects of Inequality: An Experimental Investigation

The effect of inequality on economic growth and efficiency is often debated. Our study investigates a behavioral phenomenon through which inequality might have adverse effects on economic growth. In particular we investigate whether or not individuals exhibit a discouragement effect in the face of inequality that leads to lower work effort. If such an effect exists, it provides a mechanism for converting even idiosyncratic inequality into sustained inequality with adverse consequences for the individuals being affected by the inequality and the economy as a whole. We investigate this phenomenon using an economic experiment to allow us to cleanly vary the nature of inequality and to allow us to directly observe several characteristics of the workers. We find robust support for the existence of a discouragement effect lending credibility to the claims that such an effect would exist in external situations among workers confronted with disadvantageous inequality.     

深水急流软弱砂层中超长钢板桩围堰施工技术

以兰永项目孔家寺黄河特大桥主桥深水承台基础的成功修建为背景,介绍了24m长钢板桩在深水急流软弱砂层条件下的施工工艺。该方法具有施工简单、快捷、成本较低等特点,可为同类施工环境下深水基础钢板桩围堰方案设计和施工提供借鉴。     

对九零后大学生进行精神文化教育的思路探析

当前,九零后已经成为大学生的主体,高校思想政治教育开始面对大量关于九零后大学生的教育问题。九零后在成长背景、生活环境、思维方式、个性特点、行为方式等方面表现出与前几代人截然不同的特点,为大学生教育与管理工作带来了困难和挑战。本文中,笔者就如何开展九零后大学生的教育进行了思考,提出了以加强精神文化教育提高校园文化育人功能的见解。     

加强“90后”高职学生党员工作的思考

随着越来越多＂90后＂学生进入大学深造,＂90后＂学生党员的发展工作已经成为基础党建工作的重点。阐述＂90后＂学生党员的自身特点,分析他们身上存在的问题和高职院校党员发展工作的不足,提出部分可行性对策,使之与新形势发展的要求相适应。     

高职新生心理健康状况测查与分析

本文采用SCL-90量表对北京经济管理职业学院2009级、2010级、2011级高职新生进行心理健康测查,发现存在不同程度的心理健康问题。其中,强迫症状、人际敏感、敌对三项因子阳性检出率相对较高。因此,应结合高职学生的特点,开展有针对性的工作,建立健全具有高职特色的心理健康教育体系。     

招投标竞争:汶川地震灾后部分重建专项资金分配运作的探索

汶川灾后重建专项资金的分配应该与重建项目有机契合,部分灾后重建资金可以探索招投标竞争方式分配运作.以招投标竞争方式分配运作部分灾后重建专项资金具有重要的战略意义.以招投标竞争方式分配运作灾后重建专项资金,关键要建立与完善招投标的程序及其相应的比选指标体系.为此,我们应该按照"政府引导市场、市场公开交易、交易规范运作、运作统一监管"的思路,完善灾后重建专项资金招投标竞争分配运作的制度安排.     

Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century

The “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP) has been suggested as a comprehensive indicator to measure impacts of human land use on ecosystems. It accounts for (a) human-induced changes in biological productivity and (b) biomass harvest. This study presents an analysis of aboveground HANPP in the Philippines between 1910 and 2003, a period characterized by massive deforestation and increases in land use intensity and biomass extraction. Results show a steep increase of aboveground HANPP from just below 35% of potential productivity in 1910 to slightly above 60% in 1970 and constant values since then. Large-scale changes in land cover and agricultural practices were the main direct determinants of this trajectory in HANPP. Remarkably, HANPP grew at much slower pace than population did: While the amount of NPP appropriated by humans doubled throughout the period, population increased by a factor ten. Increasing efficiency in terms of biomass extraction per unit of area, relying on ever-increasing inputs, and changes in the nation's physical biomass trade balance were of major importance for this difference in growth rates. In the coming decades, the Philippines will have to face the challenge to meet increases in biomass demand without putting even higher strains on the ecosystems.     

英语专有名词借代转义的语境溯源与赏析

通过大量的事例对英语专有名词的借代现象作了语境溯源,并探其在语境中的借代转义。主要从以下三个方面进行分析和归纳:有无专有名词的标志(即大写);本体和借代词的关系;在借代转义基础上的的词类活用。