发展深圳都市工业的思考

都市工业是适应大都市可持续发展要求,并与城市环境相协调的制造业。发展都市工业是调整工业结构、优化资源配置、培育特色经济、完善城市产业功能、改善生态环境、扩大就业、提高城市综合竞争力、实现经济和社会可持续发展的战略选择。本文结合国内主要城市发展都市工业的经验,分析了深圳的优势,提出深圳发展都市工业的建议。     

假日经济的现状及发展趋势

假日经济作为一种新经济现象，日趋成为人们关注的热点和焦点。“假日经济”是社会经济发展和人们物资生活水平提高到一定程度的必然产物，从我国现状看，假日经济具有时间特征明显、突发性、消费群体的广泛性等一系列特点。假日经济虽然在我国迅速发展。但目前也存在不少问题亟待解决。针对这些问题提出了一系列方案政策。假日经济的未来发展趋势有：多元化、多变化，个性化。     

中国“世界工厂”辨析——我国制造业存在的问题及对策

我国从本世纪初开始被外国媒体称之为“世界工厂”,不管这种说法的政治意义,本文从工业史上“世界工厂”的定义出发,以一系列数据来论证我国到底能否称之为“世界工厂”。得出的结论是我们还有很长的路要走。此外,本文对我国制造业发展过程中的资源、环境污染、社会矛盾等负外部效应进行了论述,并给出了部分解决方法,主要集中于发展模式和节约化、技术创新。     

汇率升值对就业影响的中日比较

关于就业问题,以往的研究主要从就业总量与就业结构两个角度进行探讨,本文对就业结构的研究进行了拓展,在实证研究中引入汇率,运用协整和误差修正模型对日中两国实际汇率与第三产业产值比重和就业比重之间的关系进行了国别比较。实证结果表明,从长期看日本第三产业就业比重上升与实际汇率升值正相关,而中国的相应变量间不存在类似长期关系。比较分析得出结论:只有在汇率适度浮动,资源在部门间流动壁垒减少这两个条件满足时,汇率升值才会产生资源配置作用,推动劳动向非贸易部门转移,逐步优化就业结构。     

我国出口产业结构优化问题探讨

我国在外贸上长期处于顺差,但外贸增长主要还是依靠数量上的扩张,出口产业结构普遍存在着档次低、区域雷同化现象严重等问题。本文在对我国出口产业结构现状进行分析的基础上,结合出口产业结构发展规律,提出了我国出口产业结构优化的原则,并提出了相关对策建议。     

小额信贷业务的偏差与规范

小额信贷在当前遭遇了发展困境，贷款余额逐年下降，究其原因在于小额信贷发展过程中出现了嫌贫爱富、期限偏短、扭曲运行这三大偏差，为保证小额信贷的健康发展，亟需还原小额信贷的本来特性，对运作细节进行调整，摆正政府的位置。     

A Classification of Dutch Manufacturing based on a Model of Innovation

Summary The paper studies the degree of homogeneity of innovative behavior in order to determine empirically an industry classification of Dutch manufacturing that can be used for policy purposes. Defining homogeneity in terms of an economic model distinguishes our classification from existing taxonomies such as those of the OECD, Pavitt and the various classifications based on a principal components analysis. We use a two-limit tobit model with sample selection, which explains the decisions by business enterprises to innovate and the impact these decisions have on the share of innovative sales. The model is estimated for eleven industries based on the Dutch Standard Industrial Classification (SBI 1993). A likelihood ratio (LR) test is then performed to test for equality of the parameters across industries. We find that Dutch manufacturing consists of three groups of industries in terms of innovative behavior, a high-tech group, a low-tech group and the industry of wood. The same pattern shows up in the three Dutch Community Innovation Surveys. The empirical part of this study has been carried out at the Centre for Research of Economic Microdata at Statistics Netherlands. The authors wish to thank Statistics Netherlands, and in particular Bert Diederen, for helping us in accessing and using the Micronoom data set. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors. The authors also wish to thank Fran?ois Laisney, Patrick Waelbroek and participants at presentations in Maastricht, Strasbourg, Leuven and Lille for their helpful comments. The first author acknowledges financial support from METEOR.     

Industrial Policy and Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Paper Making Machinery in Indonesia

In this paper, we analyze the diffusion and adoption of paper making machinery in the Indonesian pulp and paper industry, from 1923 till 2000. We develop a machine level index of technological sophistication (mach), which measures the technological distance of each paper machine to the world technological frontier. The data reveal a pattern of rapid technological catch up. But catch up was not an industrywide phenomenon. Some modern firms installed state-of-the-art machinery, while others installed older vintages. The paper argues that industrial policy has played an important role in the speed and nature of diffusion of paper making machinery.     

区域产业竞争力中的政府行为:以山东蔬菜产业为例

政府官员的意识、赶超愿望、获得新闻界的关注程度等是地方政府的行为诱导因素,山东蔬菜产业竞争力的生成符合地方政府的行为目标。以规制地方政府行为、改善要素与需求质量、提高服务水平为契机,改革地方农产品宏观管理机构,建立蔬菜安全可追溯系统,提高农民组织化程度,并推行个人声誉制度,引导产业集群形成,可以最终实现提升区域蔬菜产业国际竞争力的目标。     

关于中国劳动力工资、产业结构和收入差距的实证研究

本文基于GTAP模型,模拟了中国劳动力工资水平的外生上涨对社会贫富差距以及劳动密集型产业转移的影响。通过研究发现：非熟练劳动力密集型产业的普通工人工资的外生上涨无助于解决中国的收入差距问题,反而非熟练劳动力密集型产业在国际间的转移,会使中国有了更高的失业率,甚至有可能使收入差距扩大。