浅谈公交优先对城市综合发展的作用

随着城市规模的扩大和城市人口的增加,城市交通的压力也正在不断加剧,公交优先的方向应当始终坚持。实行公交优惠票价政策,体现了社会资源共享的公平性和经济合理性,有助于缓解交通拥堵,减轻大气污染保护环境,也有助于建立和谐社会,促进城市繁荣和城市综合发展。     

美军未来地面运输装备前瞻

现代科技与人类创造力的完善结合创造出许多极富想象力的现代机械,文章介绍了四种将在未来装备美军的地面运输装备,包括未来战斗系统中的后勤机器人车辆、未来战术卡车系统、机械外骨骼、仿生学机器人,它们不仅是可以高效完成战场运输任务的运输机械．更是美军科研创新体制先进性的证明,其研发思路和功能运用对我军相关研究具有启示和借鉴作用。     

基于潮汐交通的可变车道分流带设置研究

为了提高潮汐交通道路的安全度,基于南京市虎踞路调查的交通数据,分析其潮汐交通特性,针对潮汐路段提出优化设计方案,在可变车道内,分析车辆的速度、道路宽度以及汽车转弯半径对分流带长度的影响,利用切函数与约束函数,设计一定长度的自动可移动式分流带。利用交通微观仿真平台vissim对实施协调控制后的结果进行仿真实验,结果表明控制后的车头间距增大,通行效率得到提高,安全度提高。     

低碳视角下多式联运经济性能实例分析--以郑明物流为例

为了进一步研究铁路运输与其他运输方式开展多式联运的经济性能,在阐述多种运输方式性能差异的基础上,以郑明物流为例,通过分析其特定运输路线现有运输方式的能源消耗、碳排放量和运输过路费等指标,提出在不同月份和不同时期的多式联运优化方案,为物流企业开展多式联运提供借鉴。     

1990年代中国城际铁路集装箱运输网络空间演变

货流联系是城市相互作用的重要方面,随着经济的发展和向消费社会的转型,我国在1990年代的高附加值产品的运输显著增强.尤其集装箱运输这一高附加值的运输方式,在空间分布上发生了重要的演变.文章针对1991年和2000年200个左右城市间的集装箱进行实证分析,通过距离衰减规律、首位联系模型等对中国城际铁路集装箱流进行了透视,发现1990年代各区的集装箱流变化趋势不同,但总体上发生了分散化的演变.本文还进一步对此做出了分析.     

甩挂运输经济效益的定量计算

从实现甩挂运输经济效益的概念理解、前提条件、定量计算和辩证思考四个方面对其进行探讨,其中重点是通过将甩挂运输与普通的公路运输组织形式进行比较来定量计算其经济效益,即甩挂运输所创造的相对高于普通公路运输的经济效益。具体将甩挂运输的经济效益分作车辆购置与运营固定成本效益、车辆运用效益、装卸转运与包装成本效益、运输站场成本效益、人力成本效益、其他效益六个方面,参照了集装化运输的经济效益计算方法,通过与普通公路运输经济效益作差算得。通过将甩挂运输的经济效益内容分类并进行定量计算,以达到对其更具体深入的认识,为进一步提高经济效益提供更有针对性的参考。     

Children aged 9-14 living in disadvantaged areas in England: Opportunities and barriers for cycling

The aim of this paper is to take a holistic perspective to explore levels of cycling and opportunities and barriers to increase children’s safer cycling in disadvantaged areas in England. The study was one part of a larger study which explored the factors underlying the high level of road traffic casualties especially among children in the most disadvantaged areas of England and to explore how this impacts on mobility and quality of life. The methods involved a cross sectional survey comprising school based questionnaire surveys with children aged 9-14 and focus groups with parents who had children within this age range. The surveys were conducted in 2007 and the focus groups during 2008. 4286 children completed the survey and eight focus groups were held. Bike ownership (77%) was high, use in previous week moderate (39%) but only 2% cycled to school. Ownership was significantly lower in minority ethnic groups. Despite young children’s strong preference to travel by cycle (30%) than walk or go by car, most parents felt it was too hazardous. It is unlikely that these findings would be any different from the rest of England, however the combination of environmental and social factors may elevate the risks for young cyclists in these areas. This paper concludes that a number of barriers exist to increasing levels of cycling among children living in disadvantaged areas particularly amongst ethnic groups. These barriers could be addressed by environmental modifications to reduce speeds and by reducing the levels of antisocial driving and riding in residential areas and around destinations where children travel, by providing cycle training to improve children’s skills and parent’s confidence, and by providing secure storage facilities for bikes. Until these barriers are addressed it is unlikely that cycling will increase despite the strong preferences children have to travel by bike. Such preferences to cycle provide an opportunity for local authorities to act on.     

我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率分析--基于DEA 模型的M almqusit指数方法

“道路联通”既是实现丝绸之路经济带“贸易畅通”的基础保障,也是实现“民心相通”、“货币流通”和“政策沟通”并最终实现区域经济一体化和社会文化融合的助推器。采用DEA模型的M almqusit指数分析法对我国丝绸之路经济带物流设施效率进行了分析。分析得出结论：贸易环境负向变化是造成我国丝绸之路经济带交通基础设施效率下降的主要原因;提高经济带物流设施对经济的贡献不应只关注新增交通基础设施,更应关注现有物流设施的运营效率;为提高经济带交通基础设施的整体效率,今后交通基础设施建设的区域结构应倾向于陕西、江苏、山西、安徽等仍存在物流设施规模效率的省份。     

多市场接触与市场竞争行为——以中国民航运输业为例

多市场接触竞争理论考虑了同一企业在不同市场的竞争行为的关联性,大量来自西方市场的研究证明多市场接触可导致企业在竞争中"相互容忍",降低市场竞争的激烈程度.参照这些研究方法,本文运用中国国内主要定期航线市场数据,计算出航线多市场接触指数,并进行回归分析.结果显示,尽管中国国内航线市场多市场接触程度较高,但对市场竞争的实际影响微弱.研究还发现管制制度是影响中国航空公司竞争战略的重要因素.     

Low carbon transport strategy in Europe: A critical review

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this article are to depict ongoing trends regarding the transport system in Europe, to introduce readers to the challenges that Europe (and the rest of the world) will face in the future, to show which strategies Europe plans to deploy to mitigate the negative impacts the transport system imposes on the overall system, and finally to discuss the potential of these suggested strategies to contribute to the objectives of the European Union in the long run.