亚洲机场物流运作模式分析及启示

亚洲航空物流发展迅速,中国更是成为世界上航空货运发展最快的国家.然而与发达国家相比,我国机场的航空物流业还存在很多问题.香港、新加坡、汉城和东京四个亚洲最有代表性的机场航空物流运作模式各有特点,对其优缺点的分析能够为中国机场建设航空物流枢纽提供借鉴.     

Airport Services and Airport Charging Systems: A Critical Review of The EU Common Framework

This paper reviews proposals contained in the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) Consultation Paper of 1995 and Draft Directive of 1997 on Airport Charges. Economic and practical problems associated with the CEC proposals are highlighted. The main conclusions are that the CEC proposals will be difficult to enforce because they are vague, implementation is left to the individual member states, and because they allow for a variety of approaches to charging systems which can include substantial cross-subsidisation across aeronautical and non-aeronautical uses at one or more airports. The fact that the Commission will not have significant powers of enforcement further reduces the impact which the proposals can have.     

基于RapidIO的TIPC通信软件设计

将透明处理器间通信协议（TIPC）与基于高性能包交换的RapidIO总线相结合,并对RapidIO 的应用层协议进行扩展和定义,可以实现全新的基于RapidIO网络的TIPC通信软件。该软件 采用层次化和可扩展的协议来定义开放处理器间的通信协议,为各种应用提供面向消息的、 与位置无关的通信服务和标准的API函数接口,为解决多处理器、多模块和多系统互连问题 提供了方案。基于RapidIO网络的TIPC通信软件在测试中取得了良好的测试结果。     

基于PCI/PCIX总线实现宽带数据高速传输

介绍了传统宽带数传的实现方式,分析了用FPGA实现PCI/PCIX总线的优点,实现了基 于PCI/PCIX总线IP核的宽带高速数传,IP核在66 M/64 bit工作方式,以突发传输模式 下,速度达到了420 Mbyte/s,满足了宽带数据高速传输的要求。     

Sustainability reporting,materiality, and accountability assessment in the airport industry

Air travel is, nowadays, recognized as being one of the most popular modes of transport. Air transport is among the most significant contributors to the world gross domestic product and is accountable for a great environmental and social impact. Driven by the well‐established sustainability discourse and the vital role businesses can play in disseminating the sustainable development concept, this paper attempted to map airport industry's most material operational aspects and assess airport operators' accountability level on disclosing corporate information regarding airports' economic, environmental, and social performance. In this context, 33 reports and 903 material issues representing 193 international airports were reviewed and assessed, and a methodology for benchmarking the accountability level of best reporting airport operators was developed, showcasing materiality assessment as a useful management tool for strengthening airport operators' business strategy and enhancing their corporate performance. The paper indicated that (a) customer focus (i.e., health, safety and satisfaction), economic viability, and business continuity and preparedness are operational aspects of high materiality and (b) the disclosure level, especially concerning specific performance indicators, is still moderate. In conclusion, this study has shown that materiality assessment gains ground as a management tool among airports' management teams and the completeness of Sustainability reports is positively correlated with the “level” of adherence as described by the Global Reporting Initiative.     

The effects of high-speed rail on air passenger transport in China

This study investigates the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on China’s air passenger transport from the perspective of airports. The difference-in-differences approach is used with unbalanced panel data of 206 airports over the period from 2006 to 2015. Our estimation results found that the negative effects of HSR on the growth rate of China’s air passengers is both statistically and economically significant. However, these adverse effects are not catastrophic.     

低产油井计量研究

介绍了低产油井计量的构成,工作原理及特点,分析了影响计量准确度的主要因素,根据计量车的主要优缺点、提出了4条改进意见:①小型化问题;②在线含水分析仪的现场标定问题;③工控机抗干扰问题;④工作可靠性问题.     

中小机场运营与补贴之间的互动探究

基于2013—2021年国内73个中小机场的面板数据,运用DEA(数据包络分析)模型计算机场运营效率,并对面板数据进行回归分析。研究发现,2013—2019年国内中小机场的运营效率呈上升趋势,但2020—2021年受新冠肺炎疫情影响,运营效率显著下降。进一步研究表明,机场补贴对中小机场的运营效率具有显著正向促进作用。虽然机场效率不能直接影响补贴,但机场业务量对补贴有正向显著影响。因此,提出加强对中小机场的政策支持、注重提高机场业务量、建立应对突发事件的机制等措施,以促进中小机场的可持续发展。     

基于改进遗传算法的离场航班时刻优化

为提高机场航班放行正常率,对离场航班时刻进行了智能优化方法研究。考虑进场航班时刻不变、离场容量和航班时刻调整范围受限等约束,构建了以全局时间调整偏差总量最小为目标的离场航班时刻优化模型;为提高优化效率,将遗传算法的交叉概率改进为自适应交叉概率;设计了一种基于改进遗传算法的离场航班时刻优化方法。以兰州中川国际机场全天运行455起降架次为例,对航班时刻进行优化和仿真验证。结果表明,优化的航班时刻相较于原航班时刻,航班平均延误时间降低12.8%;离场航班平均延误时间降低22.3%;离场航班延误架次减少了42.8%;航班放行正常率提高了12%。采用基于自适应交叉概率的遗传算法可有效降低了航班延误和提高航班放行正常率。     

机场地面保障服务车辆协同调度和仿真优化

为实现大型机场地面保障服务高效化、智能化运行管理,通过研究多航班、多种地服车辆、多车场、带容量时间窗的复杂车辆路径规划问题,构建地服资源协同调度模型。结果表明：根据航班到达规律和机位分布情况,基于分解的高维进化算法求解效果较好,得到车辆使用数少、行驶距离短、超出时间窗惩罚函数最小和任务均衡的四维多目标优化问题的调度优化方案;通过Anylogic仿真软件验证,可实现机位占用情况、车辆使用情况动态分配和监控。