USING LEGISLATION TO REDUCE ONE‐TIME PLASTIC BAG USAGE

Plastic bag litter generates serious environmental concerns and poses a risk to wildlife. As this does not seem to be a problem which can be resolved by the private sector alone, or by ‘Coasean’ negotiation, legislation is proposed, particularly focusing on ‘one‐use’ bags. This article surveys legislation worldwide, while concentrating on lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom. The issues are more complex than is often assumed. While environmentalists argue for restriction and ultimate elimination of one‐use bags, manufacturers, especially those that have reformulated the composition of their bags, see legislation as an overreaction to a problem that is already being addressed within the industry. They cite evidence that, when used within a comprehensive recycling programme, plastic bags are not only cost‐effective but a sound use of our limited resources. Bans or restrictions can have knock‐on effects which can create new problems.     

Legal evolution of the concept of ‘home base’ for the purpose of determining labour and social security law applicable to European aircrew members

This paper has a dual aim: (1) to outline the legal evolution of the ‘home base’ concept and (2) to map the role of this concept in determining the law applicable (both employment law and social security law) to employment contracts of European aircrew members. An in-depth analysis of the relevant portions of (1) Reg. (EEC) No 3922/91, (2) Reg. (EU) No 465/2012, (3) Reg. (EU) No 83/2014, (4) EASA's 2014 Certification Specifications, and (5) the European Court of Justice's preliminary ruling on joined cases C-168/16 and C-169/16 is conducted.What emerges is that (1) the ‘home base’ definition, due to its subjectivity, has traditionally been susceptible to multiple interpretations and (2) due to regulatory ambiguity, the use of ‘home base’ to identify the labour laws applicable to airline workers has for a long time been inconsistent, ranging from one extreme (being considered a key element for this purpose) to the other (being assigned a secondary role). It was only in the last few years that some improvements were made, with Reg. (EU) No 465/2012 first and the European Court of Justice's 2017 preliminary ruling then, clarifying that the ‘home base’ concept must be assigned a central role in the determination of the law (both social security law and employment law) applicable to employment contracts in the aviation industry.     

知识产权保护对我国进口贸易的影响研究——来自中国省区的面板数据分析

站在发展中国家的角度来研究知识产权(IPR)保护水平如何影响其进口,在现有文献的基础上进一步改进"执法力度"衡量指标,以更好地衡量知识产权实际保护水平;基于中国省区1997年-2008年期间的高新技术产品和非高新技术产品进口的面板数据,实证研究IPR保护水平等因素如何影响我国进口。结果发现,中国省区进口与IPR保护之间的关系成正U型,从保护国内消费者和总体福利及促进国内创新的角度而言,我们应该继续加强知识产权保护,这样有利于贸易结构平衡。     

How do bankruptcy laws affect entrepreneurship development around the world?

How do bankruptcy laws as formal institutions affect entrepreneurship development around the world? Do entrepreneur-friendly bankruptcy laws encourage more entrepreneurship development at a societal level? We posit that if bankrupt entrepreneurs are excessively punished for failure, they may give up potentially high-return but inherently high-risk opportunities to start new businesses. Amassing a cross-country database from 29 countries spanning 19 years (1990-2008), we find that lenient, entrepreneur-friendly bankruptcy laws are significantly correlated with the level of entrepreneurship development as measured by the rate of new firm entry.     

我国消费信用存在的问题与对策探讨

消费信用是我国经济发展的内在动力。然而,目前我国消费信用存在着诸如消费信用品种及其提供者缺乏、风险控制能力不足、法律法规不健全等问题。今后,我们应该转变消费观念,倡导居民消费信用,健全个人消费信用体系,建立和完善相关配套法律法规等,从而使我国的消费信用更加科学有序地发展。     

我国中小企业新型融资工具探析——基于集合债券和集合票据的分析

中小企业统一发行集合债券或集合票据,成为当前拓宽我国中小企业直接融资渠道的一个重要模式,然而当前我国中小企业集合发债仍面临诸多困难。对此,应大力发挥各地政府在集合发债项目中的作用,加强信用担保体系建设,实现集合债券（票据）信用增级,建立多层次支持中小企业发展的政策法律体系。     

从“小产权房”看我国《物权法》

"小产权房"不仅满足了城市购房者的住房需求,也给农民带来了经济上的富裕。然而,由于我国二元制的土地制度,法律并未对"小产权房"的性质加以确认。导致了"小产权房"权属不清,"小产权房"买卖合同效力无法确认,买卖行为无法得到保障。     

嘉善县木材加工业竞争力评价研究

本研究依据竞争力的相关理论和在木材加工业相关研究的基础上,通过对嘉善木材加工业的竞争力影响因素和发展优劣势进行分析,借助德尔菲法构建了嘉善木材加工企业竞争力评价指标体系。然后运用多层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对其进行评价。最后通过浙江省裕华木业的实证分析,验证了评价指标体系及模型的可行性和实用性,为嘉善县木材加工企业衡量自身竞争力水平提供了新的思路和方法。     

如何提升我国服装品质及服装企业竞争力

文章针对目前国外"特保"、反倾销等贸易壁垒盛行及国内服装企业竞争能力不足,没有高品质的产品,出口贸易方式急需转变等问题,从企业的外部和内部两个方面提出了提升我国服装品质,提高服装企业竞争力的策略.     

粤港澳大湾区知识产权法律冲突及解决路径探析

自《内地与香港、澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排》(CEPA)实施以来,粤港澳一直将知识产权保护作为三地间实现贸易便利化、自由化过程中的一项重要任务。由于粤港澳三地间法律制度的差异,产生了管辖权、冲突法、实体法以及司法协助等诸多方面的冲突,这些差异直接导致三地间知识产权法律纠纷的发生。在粤港澳大湾区建设中,需要基于粤港澳现有知识产权法律制度,通过完善立法,强化司法和执法保护,纾解粤港澳大湾区现有知识产权法律冲突的困境,创新知识产权纠纷解决机制,以知识产权发展推动科技创新,为推进粤港澳大湾区建设营造良好的法治环境。