变质物品考虑资金时值和滞后支付时的库存研究

研究了变质物品在考虑资金时间价值并且采购费允许滞后支付时的最优经济订货批量问题。建立了变质物品在需求率为库存水平的线性函数,计划时域内允许缺货且短缺量完全拖后,并且考虑资金的时间价值和采购费允许滞后支付时的最优库存决策模型。给出了模型最优解存在的必要条件和求解算法,通过一个算例说明了模型的求解过程。     

Inventory of differential items selling from two shops under a single management with periodically increasing demand over a finite time-horizon

Inventories of differential items including the defective ones purchased/produced in a lot and sold from two shops (primary and secondary shops) under a single management are considered here over a finite time-horizon. A primary shop receives the differential units in a lot but sells only the non-defective ones whose demand periodically increases with time and decreases during the shortage period in such a way that it comes back to the initial value at the beginning of the next cycle. Hence in this shop, shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Moreover, at the beginning of the next cycle, the retailer purchases purely non-defective units at a higher price to meet up the shortage amount along with the usual lot of differential units for regular sale. The defective units identified at the time of selling at the primary shop are continuously transferred to the adjacent secondary shop from which the defective ones are sold at a reduced price after some rework. Normally, the price of a defective item is fixed depending upon the quantum of its defect and people go for these items if they are cheap. Hence, demand for these units is dependent on the selling price, which is again inversely proportional to the rate of defectiveness. There may be five scenarios for dealing with defective units depending upon the coincidence of the time periods at two shops. For all scenarios, problems have been mathematically formulated and solved by the use of both parametric study and a gradient-based non-linear optimisation method. The models are illustrated with the help of numerical examples.     

A Typology of Partial-Order: The Case of Drug Use in Israel

A frequent variety of typology is that which results when a given population is classified simultaneously by several criteria, the categories of each criterion being ordered in a sense common to all the criteria. Such simultaneous orderings automatically define a partial order typology.The empirical problem is to ascertain the dimensionality and the substantive meaning of the partial order. This is illustrated here by characterization of the Jewish population of Israel by the frequencies of use of a variety of drugs. The data analysis approach adopted is that of Partial Order Structuple (Scalogram) Analysis (POSA). The particular computer program used is POSAC (POSA with Base Coordinates).The analysis revealed that it is possible to portray the distinct profiles (structuples) of the respondents according to drug use in a two-dimensional space, with a substantive regularity relating both to legal (pain relievers) and illegal drugs (marijuana, methadon). This space also serves as a basis for discriminant analysis for age as an external background variable.     

基于PDM的图文档管理系统中查询功能的研究与实现

图文档管理系统是产品数据管理系统中的基本功能之一,而查询功能又是图文档管理系统中的一个重要功能。主要介绍在图文档管理系统中通过逐步缩小查询范围和任意条件组合模糊查询相结合的方式实现查询功能。对于查询结果,可以进行浏览、编辑和删除。     

危机中物流企业服务项目新探

物流成为十大产业振兴规划的一员,旨在长期促进中国经济的发展。但是,由于第三方物流企业的物流服务的深度和广度有限,使企业危机重重。唯有满足客户、社会、行业的需求,开拓新的市场,才能在竞争中获得企业发展。因此,企业可以开展新的物流服务项目:第一,信息咨询服务,帮助企业将产品运往适销对路的地区;第二,商品展销服务,帮助工商企业缩短销售半径;第三,仓储超市服务,服务农村经济,提高农民生活质量;第四,物流集成服务,帮助企业做大做强。同时分析了当前实施这四个项目的条件。     

Triadic relationships in healthcare

One of the most important goals in healthcare today is reducing costs while maintaining high-quality care. This article focuses on a triadic relationship that is responsible for a significant amount of nonlabor spending in hospitals: physician preference items. The triadic relationship among salespeople, physicians, and hospitals’ supply managers has a direct influence on costs. Regarding some key purchases, the physician-salesperson relationship is closer than the physician-supply manager relationship—even though the latter two entities work for and within the same company and strive for the same mission. This reality creates a type of conflict that is perplexing to solve and costly to ignore. To better understand the sources of friction and opportunities for collaboration in this triad, personnel across hospitals, suppliers, and healthcare consortiums were interviewed. Herein, we introduce strategies to help resolve the conflict. It is essential that hospital supply managers continually negotiate for best solutions that consider both long-run costs and quality of patient care. Yet, salesperson motivations and close salesperson-physician relationships place barriers that prevent negotiations more common to other areas of spending. The strategies offered in this article highlight ways to mute negative and amplify positive effects of the physician-salesperson relationship.     

基于修购专项的电子信息综合实验平台建设

以教育部修购项目为契机,深入研究新形势下轨道交通的迅猛发展对人才培养的要求。以培养具有创新意识的高质量应用性人才为目标,广泛整合资源,搭建满足不同专业不同层次需求的新型电子信息综合实践平台,并以此平台为基础,全方位构建实践教学新体系,创新实践教学模式和激励机制。     

Managing returnable transport items in a vendor managed inventory system

This paper addresses a closed-loop inventory routing problem with demand uncertainty, which manages the delivery operations to customers and pick-up operations of empty returnable transport items (RTIs) from customers. The problem involves decisions regarding forward and backward vehicle routes, the delivery and collection quantities, the amount of production in terms of the number of filled RTIs, and the number of RTIs produced/ bought by the vendor during the defined planning horizon. The problem considers the holding costs, fixed cost of operating vehicles, fuel consumption cost, producing/buying costs, cleaning costs of RTIs, and loading and unloading costs. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer linear programming model and propose a Relax and Fix based solution approach to solve large instances. We conduct extensive analyses on a case study derived from a fruit and vegetable distribution network and several hypothetical instances. Our analyses investigate the effects of several problem parameter changes (i.e., average collection rate, customer service level, cost of buying crate and handling cost) on the total logistics cost. Additional numerical analyses are performed to demonstrate the usage of the model for evaluating the cost of being more green and environmental-friendly. Moreover, experiments on relatively large-scaled problems allow us to demonstrate the potential benefits of the proposed heuristic