Social Comparisons in Ultimatum Bargaining

Experiments are used to examine the effects of social comparisons in ultimatum bargaining. We inform responders about the average offer before they decide whether to accept or reject their specific offer. This significantly increases offers and offer‐specific rejection probabilities. For comparison, we consider another change in informational conditions: telling responders the total pie is $30—ex ante it was either $15 or $30—affects offers and rejection probabilities roughly as much. Our results are consistent with people’s dislike for deviations from the norm of equity but inconsistent with fairness theories, where people dislike income disparity between themselves and their referents.     

Does transparency of central banks communication affect credit market? Empirical evidence for advanced and emerging markets

This study examines the effect of the transparency of central banks communication on credit market. In particular, this study investigates how central banks’ effort to provide more detailed information about their objectives regarding the price stability (monetary policy transparency) and financial stability (financial stability transparency) policies are able to mitigate information asymmetry on credit market, through the net interest margin charged by the banks to engage in financial intermediation (credit spread). The findings denote central bank transparency is able to reduce the credit spread. Additionally, the evidence suggests the effect of central bank transparency on the credit spread is greater in emerging markets, where there is less information available on credit market. In brief, transparency in central banks communication is an important tool to mitigate the information asymmetry in the credit market.     

Green Business and Blue Angels

This paper presents a model of a monopolist'svoluntary overcompliance with legal environmentalstandards under asymmetric information about thefirm's environmental impacts. The key assumptions are:the existence of quality premia for environmentalsoundness, a positive but imperfect degree ofmonitoring, and adaptive consumer expectations.Conditions necessary for overcompliance to arise in aprofit-maximizing equilibrium are derived. The effectsof a third-party eco-labeling system are analyzed. Itis shown that the existence of an independent labelingauthority increases the likelihood of overcomplianceto be profit-maximizing. Moreover, firms might have anincentive to lobby for the introduction of such asystem. The effect of consumers' risk preferences andan instrument for preventing ``Greenwash' (companieslying about their environmental performance) is alsodiscussed.     

信息不对称下的几个经济学实验

实验方法受到经济学界的重视,不对称信息条件下的实验方法研究具有重要现实意义。笔者探讨了若干在不对称信息条件下的经济学实验,包括名誉的作用、信号传递等重要实验,认为不对称信息下的实验的方法及其研究思路值得我国经济学者借鉴和深入研究。     

非对称信息下商业银行资本配置研究——基于PCA理论模型分析

资本配置是银行风险管理的核心,是决定银行竞争力的重要因素.经典的资本配置理论均以信息在银行内部各机构完全对称作为基本假设,忽略了总分行问的委托代理关系.鉴于此,本文借鉴PCA模型,在商业银行内部构建一套资本配置的优化机制,以提高银行资本配置的有效性.     

张力带在骨科的临床应用体会

为评价张力带内固定治疗在骨科的临床应用效果,我院从1991年以来采用张力带内固定治疗多类型骨折85例。结果为85例中3个月内骨临床愈合82例,半年内骨临床愈合3例;85例中3例出现术中处理欠妥,其中由于克氏针针尾留置过长引起膝关节功能障碍2例,骨折复位欠佳1例。张力带内固定治疗骨折方法,具有术后不用外固定,允许早期功能锻炼,骨折愈合快,关节功能恢复好和劳动能力恢复早的优点。     

中国社会医疗保险中的道德风险及控制机制研究

近几年来,医疗费用的迅速增长是世界各国普遍出现的现象,控制医疗费用、进行医疗保险改革成为一道世界性难题。而造成医疗费用激增的一个重要因素是医疗领域的道德风险问题。道德风险源于个人的机会主义倾向,是最大限度增进自身效用时做出不利于他人的行为所引起的风险。文章详细分析了中国社会医疗保险领域中道德风险存在的条件以及影响,并在分析结论的基础上提出了相应的的规避措施与建议。