日本金融业不良债权产生的根源及政策措施

20世纪90年代初泡沫经济崩溃以来,日本银行业的不良债权一直大量存在,阻碍了日本经济的自律恢复。本文对日本银行业不良债权产生的经济背景、金融体制和经济结构原因以及市场经济条件下不良债权产生的一般原因进行了剖析,并对日本政府采取的政策措施及新进展进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了防范和化解不良债权的有效途径。     

Optimal Area-Yield Crop Insurance Reconsidered

The implementability of area-yield insurance contracts in the presence of symmetric and asymmetric information about the farmer's "beta" linking his yield to the risk-pool's yield is examined. In the presence of fixed costs and symmetric information Mahul's result that optimality requires setting the slope of the indemnity schedule equal to each farmer's beta is confirmed. When there is asymmetric information between the insurer and the farmer, however, this full-insurance contract is vulnerable to adverse selection, and therefore may not be implementable for general cost structures. The optimal area-yield insurance contract under asymmetric information is characterized.     

信息不对称对绿色产品市场的影响——基于制造商和消费者关系的研究

运用数学模型从内部性和逆向选择两个方面分析了信息不对称对绿色产品市场的影响,指出了绿色产品市场的运行规律,并提出了解决该问题的对策建议。     

Integrating Agronomic Principles into Production Function Specification: A Dichotomy of Growth Inputs and Facilitating Inputs

This article presents a general conceptual framework for integrating agronomic principles into economic production analysis. We categorize inputs in crop production into growth inputs and facilitating inputs. Based on this dichotomy we specify an asymmetric production function. The robustness of the asymmetric framework is tested using crop-level panel data on potato production in the Netherlands. The test results do not reject the proposed framework, and the asymmetric specification better represents the underlying production technology.     

橡胶拉伸永久变形的测试

文章介绍了永久变形的发生机理,拉伸和压缩永久变形的差异及应用现状,拉伸和压缩永久变形测试在实际应用中的差别以及拉伸永久变形测试的必要性,拉伸永久变形对伸张疲劳性能的影响等,说明了在实际应用中不能忽视拉伸永久变形测试,并建议尽快建立相关的国家标准。     

引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计研究

针对引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计问题,首先在对称信息和非对称信息下建立由两个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链激励机制模型,接着分析引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制均衡结果,最后对自有品牌引入前后的均衡结果进行比较。通过分析发现,零售商在制造商品牌上的努力水平始终不超过其在自有品牌上的努力水平;在对称信息下,零售商引入自有品牌肯定会使制造商受到损失,而在非对称信息下制造商可能会从中获利。     

新股短期价格表现研究评述

新股抑价是证券发行市场普遍存在的一个谜题,许多学者提出各种理论进行解释。本文从信息不对称、信息完全和市场无效率三方面对这些理论进行梳理,借此对研究我国股票市场异常行为提供一些思考。     

Replacing the Stability and Growth Pact?

The euro-zone division between a single, federal monetary system and separate national fiscal systems is troublesome. The attempt to deal with it via the Stability and Growth Pact has not succeeded. Any hopes that the function of stabilizing asymmetric shocks might be shifted to the federal centre have been dashed by the referendums. I argue that the main concern over the event of a failure of a nation state in the euro-area to meet its debts is the contagious effect that that would currently have on its domestic financial intermediaries. So the proper response would be to enforce significant incremental capital requirements on financial institutions' holdings of such debt.Financial Market Group London School of Economics—United Kingdom. Presidential Address at the Sixty-First International Atlantic Economic Conference, March 15–19, 2006 Berlin, Germany. Presidential Address at the Sixty-First International Atlantic Economic Conference, March 15–19, 2006 Berlin, Germany. My thanks are due to Peter Kenen, Jacques Melitz, Warren Mosler, Waltraud Schelke and Randy Wray and to the editors of this journal fortheir most helpful suggestions, corrections, and advice. All remaining errors are my own.     

Optimum Currency Areas Under Inflation Targeting

Several countries face the choice between targeting inflation independently and entering a monetary union that targets inflation. The present paper extends the theory of optimum currency areas to deal with this choice. In contrast to the conventional theory, countries might form more of an optimum currency area the more asymmetric supply shocks are.     

Interbank market frictions, international banks and growth

In developing countries and countries in transition, a lack of finance is regarded as a major reason for the underperformance of the SME sector. The financial sector does not channel funds efficiently from savers to the most efficient investment. In a general equilibrium endogenous growth model, we explain the underperformance of the SME sector by interbank market frictions. High information costs in the interbank market lead to a high loan/deposit spread and hence to a low growth equilibrium. The solution to this problem is twofold. First, central bank policy could reduce interbank information problems by providing effective bank supervision. Second, if the central bank is expected not to have sufficient monitoring capabilities, reputation and reserves, opening up the interbank market to international banks can substitute for insufficient central bank activities.The sources of this advantage in efficiency are stronger incentives for workers and managers (direct connection between effort and return), easier monitoring and greater flexibility (McIntyre 2001).