技术专家办企业的农业生物技术推广模式探讨

技术推广模式是关系到科技成果转化和相关产业稳定发展的重要因素.在对我国原有四种农业技术推广模式分析的基础上,构建和完善了技术专家领衔办企业的农业生物技术推广模式及运行机制,并对这种模式的未来发展定位问题进行了探讨.     

挪威国家生物库——世界级医学研究资料库

建立在生命科学、生物医学和生物信息学的快速发展基础上,生物库成为西方发达国家近些年来大力投资的基础科研设施,通过生物库收集到的人体材料(如血液、尿样等),科研人员开始利用现代医学技术,研究、利用人类遗传资源进行流行病的诊断和个性化治疗.挪威历经40年的实践,建立起了国家生物库,并在国际合作中占有突出地位.通过着重研究挪威生物库发展历程,分析其生物库的科研优势及面临的各种挑战,以期对我国医疗服务体系的发展提供有益借鉴.     

Modes of cooperative R&D commercialization by start‐ups

This study empirically examines the determinants of heterogeneous firm‐level cooperative R&D commercialization strategies. While the volume of interfirm collaboration has increased dramatically in recent decades, the determinants of firm‐level choices among alternate modes of such cooperative activity remain relatively understudied. We develop a conceptual model of factors determining collaborative mode choice at the organizational portfolio level. These factors include the firm‐level appropriation environment, in which deal‐level choices have portfolio‐level spillover implications, as well as governance capabilities developed by the firm over time. Using a random sample of innovating biotechnology start‐ups, we assemble a firm‐year panel dataset that aggregates transaction‐level collaboration data to the firm‐year level, allowing us to characterize firms' portfolios of collaborative deals. We find broad empirical support for our model, suggesting that a firm's appropriation environment and governance capabilities strongly influence portfolio‐level collaboration mode choices. In addition, we explore the implications of governance capability development, finding that experience with particular modes, as well as deviations from existing capabilities, impact firm valuation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物技术创新对世界农产品贸易的影响及我国的对策研究

本文分析了世界各主要国家在生物技术管理方面的政策差异及其原因,分析了生物技术创新对世界农产品贸易的各种潜在和现实的影响,并对未来转基因农产品贸易的形势进行了初步的预测和判断。在此基础上,从短期和长期两个方面提出了今后我国生物技术发展和转基因农产品贸易的政策建议。     

欧盟工业生物技术研发现状及发展趋势分析

欧盟是现代工业制造业的发源地,长期保持着工业技术的世界领先水平。欧委会根据全球高新技术日新月异的快速发展及其重要性,以及欧盟相对处于世界领先地位的技术优先领域,扬长避短确定了欧盟工业可持续发展的六大关键势能技术(KETs)。工业生物技术,作为欧盟优先确定的六大关键势能技术之一,欧盟己制定具体的优惠政策和行动举措给予重点扶持,旨在提升欧盟先进制造业的世界竞争力,促进经济增长和扩大就业。通过综合研究分析欧盟工业生物技术及产业的发展现状、研发创新、面临的挑战和未来发展趋势,旨在为我国战略性新兴技术产业的可持续发展,提供有益的路径和经验借鉴。     

Positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the corporate board's human and social capital: A study of biotechnology firms

This paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by developing and testing theory regarding positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the board's human and social capital. Using a sample of 360 biotechnology firms that went public between 1995 and 2010, we demonstrate that accumulated public company board experiences of the CEO and the board have positive synergistic effects on IPO performance whereas the current board appointments have negative effects. While scientific educational backgrounds have positive synergies, industry‐specific experiences produce either positive or counterproductive effects depending on the age and profitability of the firm. Thus, our paper contributes to the corporate governance and human and social capital literatures by describing the costs and benefits of specific types and combinations of CEO and board capital. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

现代生物技术在食品领域中的应用研究

现代生物学和分子生物学的发展,对基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程、发酵工程等现代生物技术工程产生重要影响,其在食品发酵生产中的应用越来越广。本文阐述了基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程等现代生物技术在食品发酵业的应用。     

法律视野下的中国生物产业政策研究

生物产业已成为当今经济发展的一个新的增长点，受到了各国的高度重视。生物产业影响力具有双刃性、广延性与多面性的特点，这使得生物产业发展的主要挑战不仅存在于经济、技术与伦理层面，而且更存在于政策与法律层面。我国的生物产业政策已经形成并实施，但尚存在看法律化不足的“泛政策化”问题。为推进我国生物产业政策的法律化，应当立足于法律的视野全面审视我国的生物产业政策。     

Open Variety Rights: Rethinking the Commodification of Plants

Open Variety Rights refer to the removal of the conditions attached to the usage of plants in agriculture, and to an analogy with open licensing in informatics that is notably different from the one that is taking shape at the intersection of the life sciences and informatics. This paper argues for the open licensing of plants as part of a response to the commodification of DNA; rather than a singular focus on farming or source code, this implies an analogy that aims at the removal of restrictions, whether as seeds, biodiversity, genetic sequences or DNA in informatics formats. First, the commodification of plants will be conceptualized. Second, the proposal for open licensing for varieties of crops will be discussed. Third, examples of the introduction of open licensing in the life sciences will be examined in relation to the potential to reformulate the definition of ‘openness’ to support those who wish to live and work with plants on their own terms.