“婚姻保证金”的效力及法律后果——兼论不法原因给付及其制度构建

＂婚姻保证金＂的法律性质为附条件赠与;按照我国相关的司法解释,条件违反公序良俗原则无效则法律行为本身也应认定为无效,但如此处理难以周延地平衡当事人之间的权利义务关系;应在我国民法中引入不法原因给付制度,在该赠与行为被宣告无效后,适用不法原因给付规则加以规制。     

关于拓宽企业慈善捐赠渠道的思考

企业是目前国内最主要的慈善捐赠主体之一,我国慈善事业的健康发展离不开企业的积极参与。然而企业物质捐赠渠道不畅以及企业捐赠扎堆等问题不仅影响了企业慈善捐赠的热情,而且不利于慈善资源的合理配置。转变企业慈善捐赠观念,充分发挥慈善超市的作用,积极探索企业非公募基金会发展之路,将有助于拓宽企业慈善捐赠渠道,进一步调动企业慈善捐赠的积极性。     

公益性捐赠、会计业绩与市场绩效:基于汶川大地震的经验证据

文章手工搜集了2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后中国上市公司公益性捐赠的经验数据,实证研究了基于突发性自然灾害情况下的公益性捐赠对公司会计业绩和市场绩效的影响。研究结果表明,进行公益性捐赠的上市公司的会计业绩和市场绩效显著增加,上市公司的积极性公益性捐赠显著提升了其会计业绩和市场绩效,捐赠金额越多,会计业绩和市场绩效越好。     

‘We All Have a Responsibility to Each Other’: Valuing Racialised Bodies in the Neoliberal Bioeconomy

ABSTRACT

In neoliberalism, human tissue has been targeted as a source for extracting surplus value. Commercial attention on ethnic and racial minorities has resulted in products and services specifically developed for them. Here, we focus on this by exploring two empirical examples: US pharmaceutical clinical trials and UK stem cell transplantation. Both use racial taxonomies to discern biological difference and draw conclusions about the economic potential of people’s genetic constitutions. They do so by appealing to racialised minorities’ sense of responsibility towards ‘their’ communities, both buttressing the conflation of social and biological registers of human variation and demonstrating neoliberalism’s mobilisation of discourses of community. However, while the inclusion of racialised minorities is hoped to bring economic benefits, it also aims to address healthcare inequalities. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies, we argue that in our examples, economic, social and cultural values cannot be disentangled. This compels us to complement narratives of the commodification of racialised difference in neoliberal (consumer) culture, and focus on the intersections between different economic and ethical values. Ultimately we find that whilst work is being done to ameliorate racial inequities, broader socio-economic and political inequalities minority communities face go unaddressed, likely precluding the realisation of health equality.     

Are contributions of time and money substitutes or complements?

This article empirically investigates the relationship between donations of time and money using Canadian tax policy reforms that changed the tax price of charitable donations. The 1988 reform where a charitable tax deduction was converted to a credit and the 2000 reform in provincial income taxes provide tax price variations plausibly exogenous to individuals’ unobserved heterogeneity. Our estimates on cross-price effects imply that individuals make more time donations as the tax price of charitable donations increases and hence money and time donations are substitutes, as some theories would imply. This contrasts with earlier findings using cross-sectional data.     

私人慈善捐赠的经济学分析

与公共提供相比,私人的慈善捐赠行为不仅是一种帕累托改进,而且还更加有利于公平目标的实现。然而现实社会中各国政府往往把公共提供放在首位,私人慈善捐赠则被放在了第三次分配上。因此,现阶段最明智的做法是改革现行税制,把私人慈善捐赠提升到第二次分配层面上来。     

基于博弈论的亏损企业捐赠行为研究——以鸿星尔克捐赠事件为例

企业捐赠是其履行社会责任的重要途径。然而,作为一种不以营利为目的的支出,慈善捐赠却被诸多亏损上市公司所采用,其中缘由值得深究。通过利益博弈分析,运用划线法与逆向归纳法,以鸿星尔克捐赠事件为例,说明相关各方的利益可以实现均衡,解释了亏损企业的捐赠行为。基于此,提出了解决目前中国企业慈善捐赠中存在问题的对策。     

Who Receives What? The Influence of the Donation Magnitude and Donation Recipient in Cause-Related Marketing

Cause-related marketing campaign structural elements (CSEs) are individual message components that are selected for campaigns and have the ability to influence consumer intentions and behavior. In this study, the impact of donation magnitude (small; large) and donation recipient (branded and well-known; branded and fictitious; unbranded and well-known) on the dependent variables of consumer attitude toward the offer, attitude toward the alliance, and participation intention is explored by means of a 2?×?3 between-subjects experiment. Despite significant differences in familiarity with and attitude toward the donation recipient, significant differences between groups in terms of the dependent variables were not found. The nature of the sample (Generation Y), their attitude toward helping others and charitable organizations, social exchange theory, and equity theory are explored in an attempt to clarify the lack of significant differences pertaining to the dependent variables.     

Providing health checks as incentives to retain blood donors — Evidence from two field experiments

The collection of blood given by donors has proven to be a substantial societal and a managerial challenge. Consequently, blood donation services seek for incentive mechanisms to retain donors. However, economic or material rewards might entail negative side effects such as motivational crowding out or even attracting “bad blood”. In an effort to increase the retention of established blood donors, we conducted two randomized field trials (N₁?=?53,257, N₂?=?31,522) in cooperation with the German Red Cross Blood Donation Service and tested the effectiveness of an incentive strategy that is directly related to the blood donation itself: offering a comprehensive blood health check. Contrary to previous related research, we found substantial positive effects of a comprehensive blood health check incentive on donation behavior. In addition, unlike previous studies, we examine effects of repeated exposure to this incentive and do not find any wearout effects. Considering the positive effect of this incentive on donor retention and the relative low cost for providing this service to donors, our findings suggest that offering comprehensive blood health check incentives is a viable and cost-efficient marketing strategy to increase the retention among previous donors even if offered over the longer run.     

党组织参与治理对上市公司慈善捐赠的影响

利用我国A股非金融类上市公司2008—2017年数据,采用“双向进入”、“交叉任职”两个指标衡量党组织参与企业治理的情况,实证检验其对企业慈善捐赠行为的影响。结果发现,党组织“双向进入”和“交叉任职”与企业是否捐赠、捐赠水平均呈显著正向关系。此外,上述作用在国有企业与非国有企业中均存在,但与中央国有企业相比,党组织参与治理对企业捐赠的促进效应在地方国有企业中更为明显。研究还发现,党组织参与治理对企业慈善捐赠的促进作用并不以损害企业价值为代价,反而会提高公司经营绩效和价值,并且党组织参与治理对企业捐赠的促进作用并非以获取更多的政府补贴为目的。研究表明,党组织参与治理促进了企业的捐赠行为,这一结论有助于进一步理解党组织在公司治理中的地位与作用。