19世纪美国史视角下的奥姆斯特德及其 设计思想

立足奥姆斯特德的书信、报告等史料文件,聚焦到 奥姆斯特德与19世纪美国文明转向、文化独立及阶层政治相 关的具体事件,层层重构这些事件的风景园林学意义。再通过 分析纽约中央公园,检视奥姆斯特德价值观念的呈现。致力于 建构奥姆斯特德设计思想、价值判断及空间理念等方面内容与 19世纪美国史之间的脉络性关联,以期推动风景园林学科中 的空间理解与社会、政治之间建立互动关系。     

青岛的历史文化名城强制性要素分析及保护

在对青岛市历史文化名城的强制性要素进行分析和研究的基础上 ,认为城市的强制性要素是影响历史文化名城保护与发展的重要因素 ,据此提出了促进历史文化名城保护和发展的规划对策。     

Causation,counterfactuals, and competitive advantage

Causation is still poorly understood in strategy research, and confusion prevails around key concepts such as competitive advantage. In this paper, we define epistemological conditions that help dispel some of this confusion and provide a basis for more developed approaches. In particular, we argue that a counterfactual approach—one that builds on a systematic analysis of ‘what‐if’ questions—can advance our understanding of key causal mechanisms in strategy research. We offer two concrete methodologies—counterfactual history and causal modeling—as useful solutions. We also show that these methodologies open up new avenues in research on competitive advantage. Counterfactual history can add to our understanding of the context‐specific construction of resource‐based competitive advantage and path dependence, and causal modeling can help to reconceptualize the relationships between resources and performance. In particular, resource properties can be regarded as mediating mechanisms in these causal relationships. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Government corruption and foreign stakes in international joint ventures in emerging economies

This paper analyzes the relationship between government corruption and the changes in the equity stake of foreign partners in international joint ventures (IJVs) formed with local firms in emerging Asian economies. This relationship is defined according to transaction cost theory. This relationship is complemented by the introduction of a moderating variable derived from organizational learning theory: the country experience of foreign partners. This article is based on a sample of 171 European firms, which formed IJVs in emerging Asian economies during the year 1996. Using an event history analysis, the evolution of each European equity stake was followed-up from year 1996 to the end of the period at risk on January 2007. From the empirical results presented in this article, some findings have been drawn on the attitudes of foreign firms toward government corruption in emerging Asian economies. First, we showed that the government corruption is significantly related to the likelihood of foreign partners to terminate the IJV. However, the nature of this relationship is differentiated according to the score used to measure government corruption. The relationship is positive when using the Transparency International score and negative with the Political Risk Services score. Second, we put into evidence that the country experience of foreign partners moderates the relationship between government corruption and the changes in the equity stake of foreign partners in IJVs in emerging Asian economies.

Choice of ownership mode in joint ventures: An event history analysis from the automotive industry

Inter-firm partnerships continue to be a major trend in the B2B context. Firms seek collaborative ventures to enter foreign markets, combine resources, share costs and risks, and build synergies in an increasingly competitive environment. Accordingly, the impacts of firm and host country characteristics on the selection of entry mode have been extensively studied in the literature. Nevertheless, most of these studies regard all entry modes as feasible alternatives for firms, which is rarely the case in practice. Instead, the number of entry modes available to a firm is more likely to be limited by the firm's assets and the context of the host country. As such, these contingencies, coupled with the idiosyncrasies of each entry mode, necessitate more focalized inquiry in the entry mode literature. Drawing from the OLI framework, this study zeroes in on international joint ventures (IJVs) and analyses the impact of ownership and location advantages on firm's decision about the level of control (i.e., internalization level) in an IJV in a given country. Results indicate a positive relationship between the ownership advantages and the level of control. It is also found that firms tend to favor higher control mode where the host country provides better locational advantages.     

Competitive dynamics,strategic consistency,and organizational survival

This study investigates strategic consistency in competitive behavior. We construct a logically consistent evolutionary model, providing a causal argument to link a level of strategic consistency to long‐term organizational survival. According to our results, strategic consistency seems to be related to both organizational survival and the most efficient change over time concerning the key elements of a firm's strategy. One of the benefits of the model is that some of the components and processes may be manipulated through experimental or simulation interventions. This means that the model can be formally tested in future studies and managers can use it to fine‐tune patterns of competitive behavior. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国铁路客站规划与建设

简要介绍铁路客站的基本特征、变迁过程和发展趋势,重点介绍我国铁路客站规划和建设情况,结合工程实例论述新时期铁路客站建设"五性"原则丰富的内涵。     

国外农村公共服务中基层组织的特征及启示

国外农村基层组织是农村公共服务供给的基本主体,在公共服务供给中发挥着重要的作用,发展至今已有百年历史,形成了组织形式多样性、组织类型非均衡性、数量变化非线性及地位作用的差异性等一些共同特征。通过对国外农村公共服务中基层组织特征的深入分析,对我国农村基层组织的建设和发展方面提供一些有益的启示。包括组织形式应灵活多样、组织应适当调整、组织地位应明确及因需而设等。     

中俄边贸60年回顾与展望

中俄边境贸易60年历程是一个由小变大、由弱变强、不断拓展完善的发展史,是中俄60年经济转轨调整的真实写照。目前,在中俄边境贸易递进与优化的进程中出现了贸易主体多层次、贸易产品结构合理化、贸易方式多样化、合作内容多领域等良好势头,但也面临一些矛盾和问题。在俄罗斯即将加入WTO,双方辟建自由贸易区,以及东北老工业基地振兴与俄罗斯远东大开发将互动发展的大背景下,如何采取措施、加强合作、壮大中俄边境贸易是研究的立意所在。     

China？World？Expo! ：From 1851 to Today -China in the World Expo

An exhibition is always a convenient window to catch a glimpse of the whole story hidden behind the scenes. To be more open to the outside world. China, armed with a variety of expos, stretches out to display .her unique fascination to other nations. In the mean time, to build closer ties with the international community, more global elements have been added to the expos held at home. What links the two sides together is the essence of the expo industry, and the further China walks, the more expos she will want to host.