铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜太阳能电池发展现状及展望

文章介绍了铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜太阳能电池的产业链结构和生产技术、工艺流程、生产设备、检测设备、主要原材料及其产供销等发展现状,并对其发展前景进行展望。     

U251胶质瘤细胞系中脑肿瘤干细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

目的本研究旨在从U251胶质瘤细胞系中分离、培养和鉴定脑肿瘤干细胞,观察其的生长特征,为脑肿瘤干细胞的进一步研究打下基础。方法应用简化的无血清培养基和悬浮培养法培养U251细胞,并将获得的脑肿瘤干细胞接种于含血清培养基中观察其分化;交替用含血清培基和无血清培基培养U251细胞,观察其生长特性;用免疫荧光法检测脑肿瘤干细胞中CD133和Nestin的表达。结果 U251细胞接种至无血清培养基后,部分细胞能够存活并增殖为悬浮生长细胞球,并具有很强的自我更新和增殖能力;这种悬浮生长的细胞转移到含血清培基中后可贴壁分化;U251细胞在含血清培基和无血清培基中交替培养时能够快速转换生长方式;脑肿瘤干细胞中CD133和Nestin表达阳性。结论 U251胶质瘤细胞系中含一定比例脑肿瘤干细胞,此种细胞可在体外分离,培养和诱导分化。脑肿瘤干细胞的发现可能将为脑肿瘤研究提供全新的思路。     

A multi-level perspective on the introduction of hydrogen and battery-electric vehicles

Alternative vehicles powered by electricity or hydrogen hold the potential to solve a number of challenges that relate to automobile use, such as climate change, deterioration of local air quality, security of energy supply, and high fuel prices. This article addresses the question as to how a transition to vehicles powered by hydrogen or electricity could take place. Recognizing that transitions result from joint development of technology and society, a co-evolutionary, multi-level perspective is adopted. The perspective is used to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between car manufacturers and consumers and developments that put pressure on this relationship. Building on the analysis, two sets of scenarios for a transition to battery-electric and fuel cell vehicles are identified. In one set of scenarios, tightening emissions regulation stimulates carmakers to scale up experiments with alternative vehicles, moving them into the commercialization phase. In the other set, rising fuel prices prompt carmakers to first extend their current product line-up with plug-in versions, and later with battery-electric and fuel cell vehicles. The two scenarios have different implications for the actors involved and for the requisite supporting infrastructure.     

Integrated multi-period cell formation and subcontracting production planning in dynamic cellular manufacturing systems

In this paper, an integrated mathematical model of the multi-period cell formation and production planning in a dynamic cellular manufacturing system (DCMS) is proposed with the aim of minimizing machine, inter/intra-cell movement, reconfiguration, partial subcontracting, and inventory carrying costs. This paper puts emphasis on the effect of the trade-off between production and outsourcing costs on the re-configuration of the cells in cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs) under a dynamic environment, in which the product mix is different from a period to another resulting in the operational dynamism in the cells. The proposed model is verified by a number of numerical examples and related sensitivity analysis.     

分布式电源谐波机理与抑制技术综述

分布式电源作为一种环境适应性强的清洁能源,具有就近利用率高、供电灵活等特点,但因其传播特征复杂,分散性强,使电网面临着新的谐波问题.首先,概述了分布式电源谐波的危害及其产生原因,指出电力电子装置是造成分布式电源谐波的重要因素之一;其次,对光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、微型燃气轮机系统和燃料电池系统4类电源产生的谐波机理进...     

替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌的效果及对患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9与金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1水平的影响

目的探讨替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌的效果及对患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响。方法选取2011年3月至2016年6月惠东县人民医院收治的晚期肾癌患者72例作为研究对象,按照入院先后顺序编号,应用随机信封法将所有患者分为对照组与观察组,各36例。对照组患者给予索拉非尼,观察组在对照组治疗基础上辅以替西罗莫司治疗。比较两组患者生命质量、临床疗效、血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平、不良反应及生存期。结果治疗后,两组患者生命质量各维度评分明显提高,且观察组患者生命质量各维度评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗有效率为30.56%,明显高于对照组11.11%(χ^2=4.126,P=0.042);观察组患者疾病控制率为83.33%,显著高于对照组(χ^2=4.431,P=0.035);治疗后,两组患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平明显降低,且观察组患者血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组患者皮疹、腹泻、手足皮肤反应、食欲不振、脱发、恶心呕吐、耳鸣及发热发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者3年生存率为41.67%,明显高于对照组的19.44%(χ^2=4.189,P=0.041)。结论替西罗莫司联合索拉非尼治疗晚期肾癌,可有效提高临床疗效,改善患者生命质量,下调血清MMP-9和TIMP-1水平,延长患者生存期,安全性好。     

氢燃料电池动力技术在物流运输中的应用

化石燃料的迅速枯竭和环境问题正在推动能源结构向可再生能源进行过渡。目前,运输消耗的燃料主要来自化石能源,更强的运输需求对环境和气候有很大的威胁。氢燃料电池动力汽车使用氢能是化石燃料的清洁替代品。对氢燃料电池在国内最新的政策和市场应用情况进行总结,对其关键技术进行介绍,并对现有的应用场景进行分析,梳理其未来的发展趋势,为氢燃料电池动力汽车在物流运输行业的未来发展提供参考和指导。     

全开放式泡孔结构的生物质复合材料成型工艺及性能分析

本文以淀粉、植物纤维为对象,提出一种单边空腔自由发泡工艺,可弥补以往生物原料自身属性缺陷,促进复合材料成型工艺与性能提升.在成型工艺方面,主要介绍了整体透气钢镶嵌设计、自动回弹空腔设计以及排气孔设计,有效避免发泡喷料现象产生,实现发泡过程的柔性控制.在性能方面,通过试验探究的方式,重点对复合薄膜的机械性能、防水性能与表...     

Regression analysis of indicating multiple incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for non-small cell lung cancer treatment

Objectives:

The value of a health technology can be measured in terms of cost and benefit on two-dimensional co-ordinates. This study is to quantitatively analyze the correlation and to conduct a regression on the X-Y plane constituted by cost and QALYs (quality-adjusted life years) associated with the first line treatment, the maintenance treatment, and the second line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

The cost-effectiveness data of the cost and QALYs were extracted, with respect to the three categories of the NSCLC treatment, from the CEA Registry at Tufts Medical Center, regarding the literature published from 2000–2011. As a result, 44 QALY-cost ratios were identified.

Results:

Based on those extracted data, the correlation and regression analyses were performed by mathematical model using log and square-root functions. The plotted ratios stratified by the three stages for the NSCLC treatment were visually grouped into three clusters. There were statistically significant differences among the correlation coefficients of the cluster. In regression, the log model was found to be better fitted than the square-root model; formulating QALY?=??1.12?+?0.16 log(Cost), ?1.99?+?0.28 log(Cost), and ?0.69?+?0.10 log(Cost) for the first line, the maintenance, and the second line treatment, respectively. Monetary units were standardized to 2008 US dollars.

Conclusion:

A good methodological potential was confirmed so as to assess the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) variations, considering stratification by multiple factors such as disease and treatment categories. This study has certain limitations, such as the small number of included articles and the stratification, not reflecting a factor of new genetic findings.     

锌锰电池中缓蚀剂的研究

介绍了国内外的电池缓蚀剂研究现状 ,对缓蚀剂的主要作用机理——吸附理论、电化学理论及其协同机理进行了简要介绍 ,并对缓蚀剂的分类、特点及筛选原则作了论述 ,指出了实现电池的无汞化已刻不容缓。