新世纪视野下学生公民素养教育目标特点的研究

随着社会的发展,以往公民应具备的基本素养已不能适应社会发展的需要,必须在继承的基础上确立新的规格要求并以存在的德育教育目标为借鉴提出21世纪学校公民素养教育目标,了解新世纪学校公民素养教育的特征具有重要意义。     

The impact of corporate governance on employment relations in South Korea: the shareholder versus stakeholder perspectives

This study empirically examined the impact of corporate governance on employment relations outcomes utilizing a comprehensive data set drawn from 214 Korean firms. The study contrasted the stakeholder and shareholder perspectives of corporate governance in investigating the impact of corporate governance on employment relations outcomes. The results showed that the stakeholder corporate governance orientation (as compared to the shareholder orientation) had positive relationships with education/training expense, the level of average employee tenure and industrial relations climate, and had a negative association with number of strikes. Overall, the results implied that the stakeholder orientation of firms led to more beneficial effects for employees and more consensual relations with labor unions than the shareholder orientation did.     

投资者参与、企业内在价值与IPO抑价——基于中国A股市场的经验证据

本文以中国A股市场为背景,以2009～2010年沪深两市通过IPO募集股权资本的上市公司为样本,探讨了投资者参与程度、企业内在价值与IPO抑价之间的关系。研究发现,在诸多影响因素中,以市盈率衡量的企业内在价值与IPO抑价负相关;以中签率和换手率衡量的投资者参与程度,与IPO抑价正相关。较低的中签率和较高的换手率,代表更高的投资者参与热情,通常会导致更高的IPO抑价。此外,诸如IPO规模和行业特征等其他因素也会对IPO抑价产生影响。     

学生应是教学活动的主动参与者

有效地培养学生的能力、提高学生的素质,必须使学生成为教学活动的主动参与者。教师应改革教学方法,在课堂上以及在其它教学环节中,让学生有尽可能多的参与活动的机会。     

The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism

This study integrated the theoretical perspective of social capital into community-based ecotourism (CBET). Two destinations were selected to test the conceptual model to see whether social capital improves cooperation between community residents and the coordination of CBET development, and whether its role is persuasive and encourages residents' pro-environmental behaviors. The sample consisted of 420 residents living in two typical ecotourism destinations in China. Findings from a two-stage structural equation model analysis show that economic benefits have a direct impact on residents' pro-environmental behaviors; and the cognitive, rather than structural social capital has a partially mediating effects on this relationship. These findings indicate that a high level of social capital, particularly the cognitive variant, is instrumental in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors.     

Urban vs. rural destinations: Residents’ perceptions,community participation and support for tourism development

This paper investigates and compares the effects of residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism on community participation and support for tourism development across urban and rural world heritage sites (WHSs). Partial least squares – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), has been employed to perform the analysis. The results reveal significant differences between the effects of residents' perceptions and community participation on support for tourism development in urban and rural destinations. However, the findings did not support any differences between the effects of positive perceptions on community participation, and the indirect effects of negative perceptions on support for tourism development. This study makes a significant theoretical contribution to the urban and rural tourism and residents’ perceptions literature by comparing rural and urban WHSs residents. Furthermore, this study has a number of practical implications for the local authorities of rural and urban WHSs.     

Smallholder Farmers and Collective Action: What Determines the Intensity of Participation?

Collective action through farmer groups can be an important strategy for smallholders to remain competitive in rapidly changing markets. Previous research has analysed determinants of farmer participation in groups, equating participation with group membership. However, within groups the commitment of members can vary, as marginal benefits and costs are not the same for all individuals, and opportunities to free‐ride exist. Low participation in collective activities may reduce the ability of groups to provide useful services to its members. This article investigates determinants of member participation intensity, using the example of farmer groups in Kenya. The role of individual and group characteristics is analysed with survey data and regression models. Previous benefits that members received through the group positively influence their intensity of participation in group meetings and collective marketing, suggesting that reciprocity motives play a role. Low participation can mostly be attributed to structural and institutional conditions, such as group size and the timing of payments for collective product sales. More diversified farmers are less likely to sell collectively when group marketing activities only concentrate on one particular commodity. Since smallholders are often highly diversified, the focus of farmer groups should also be broadened. Further policy implications are discussed.     

乡村社区旅游业早期从业者研究——元阳梯田案例之启示

我国西部某些深藏不露的山水与文化正被迅速地纳入到旅游消费市场中,云南省红河自治州的元阳梯田就是其中代表之一.在这些新兴旅游地(不少属于乡村社区)里,最先涉足旅游服务的人群可称为"旅游业早期从业者".元阳梯田案例研究发现,乡村社区里的旅游业早期从业者可能有两种类型:乡村精英型和穷则思变型.同时.文化掮客的作用也不容忽视.各类旅游业早期从业者的示范作用不同,地方政府需要分别采取不同的引导策略.关于"社区参与旅游"模式的探讨,社会结构与社会行动理论不失为一个有用的视角.     

Budgetary control within the hotel industry

This paper is divided into two distinct parts and within these parts it follows the following lines of progression. The major division in the paper is between a look at the accepted theory that underpins any research in this area with comments on its likely effects on the organizations under scrutiny, and a look at the case studies that were constructed as a result of undertaking research into several hotel and leisure companies with the aim of gaining a representative cross-section of the industry and its budgetary control techniques.