Inequality Beyond GDP: A Long View

This paper addresses international inequality in multidimensional well-being during the last one-and-a-half centuries. Inequality fell in health and education since the late 1920s, due to the globalization of mass schooling and the diffusion of the health transition, but only dropped in population-weighted terms from 1970 onward for political and civil liberties, as the emergence of authoritarian regimes increased its dispersion since the end of World War I. In terms of augmented human development inequality declined since 1900. These results are at odds with per capita income inequality that rose over time and only shrank from 1990 onward. The gap between the OECD and the Rest of the world accounted only partially for inequality in well-being since the dispersion within developing regions became its main driver from the mid-20th century onward. Countries in the middle and lower deciles of the world distribution achieved the largest relative gain over the past century.     

土木工程施工中混凝土施工技术探析

土木工程当中的质量把控,将直接影响到整个项目的质量。本文中,笔者将重点研究土木工程施工过程中混凝土施工的技术要点,借助于混凝土施工一般具有较强的可连续性作业、成型容易、专业性强以及输送能力大等特征开展相关探析,以文献研究为基础研究方法,而这方面的研究最终将提升我国混凝土施工的水平,促进我国土木工程整体质量的提高,这充分表明针对当前技术手段进行分析与扩展,能够实现我国土木工程的可持续发展。     

Tax morale,fiscal capacity,and war

This paper studies the effects of mobilization for war on the development of fiscal capacity and the values of tax compliance (tax morale). We propose a dynamic setting where governments may invest resources to improve the efficiency of the fiscal apparatus and the citizens' tax morality in order to raise the necessary revenues for the defense against a threat (external or internal), and parents optimally choose to transmit their preferences of tax compliance to children. Despite fiscal capacity and tax morale are initially substitutes, we show how a dynamic complementarity may arise in equilibrium from a more efficient transmission of the values of tax compliance in countries with high fiscal capacity, and this may explain why they tend to move together over time. Under reasonable conditions, we obtain that the effect of a higher threat of war on the steady-state level of the culture of tax compliance is negative when fiscal capacity is relatively low, and positive when the latter is large. We show cross-country evidence based on war frequency, fiscal capacity, and tax morale that is consistent with the results of our theory.     

Moral attentiveness as a boundary condition: Servant leadership and the impact of supervisor affiliation on pro-group unethical behavior

Based on social exchange theory, this research aims to develop and test a model in which supervisor affiliation mediates the impact of servant leadership on employees’ pro-group unethical behavior a highly competitive intergroup environment. Using a sample of 239 employees from 39 groups in four foreign-owned engineering enterprises, we found that supervisor affiliation mediated the positive relationship between servant leadership and employees’ pro-group unethical behavior. Our results also revealed that employees’ moral attentiveness weakened the positive impact of supervisor affiliation on pro-group unethical behavior. The current study contributes to business ethics research by advancing our understanding of antecedents of pro-group unethical behavior as well as how servant leadership leads to employees’ unethical behaviors. Implications for theory, practice, and directions for future research are discussed.     

大型钢网架结构支撑卸载施工技术研究——以广东省佛冈体育馆工程为例

为了使网架结构在卸载过程中能平稳地进行应力重分布，保证结构的安全性及施工的便利性，结合佛冈体育馆钢网架屋面项目，采用有限元分析对临时支撑卸载过程进行施工模拟，分析卸载方案各个阶段结构的内力分布情况；建立屋面大型钢网架临时支撑的卸载方案，用于指导现场施工；在实际结构的关键支撑点位处，使用先进测量技术自动化监测采集支撑杆件卸载全过程的应力应变、位移变形等数据，与施工模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：卸载过程各关键杆件的最大变形和应力不存在超限情况，整体结构受力稳定。所提卸载工艺能够有效控制网架构件变形和内力，实现体育馆屋面的信息化施工管理，保证网架临时支撑体系平稳、安全卸载。研究成果可为优化网架结构支撑卸载方案提供借鉴，并为大跨度网架结构施工管理提供科学依据。     

民用建筑结构设计中的基础设计分析

我们国家经济水平在不断的提高,就让人们对于住房的相关需求变得越来越高,并且房屋建筑的相关设计是整个建筑行业里面特别重要的一个影响因素,并且其中关于整个设计的基础设计对于整体建筑的安全以及稳定都有特别大的影响。本文主要去阐述民用建筑结构设计里面的这些基础设计,并详细的剖析对其基础设计造成影响的主要的一些原因,同时提出了相应的办法进行解决。