究竟该如何革新我国农村集体土地法律制度

我国现行农村集体土地制度存在不少弊端和缺陷,这些问题只有靠制度改革且制度必须法律化才能从根本上解决。改革农村集体土地制度,需要从基本原则入手,以科学确定农村集体土地所有权主体并健全其治理机构为核心,全面革新和完善包括配套法律制度在内的农村集体土地法律制度体系。     

人文学研究状况简说

人文学是一片新近酝酿的思想云霞，她从学术的山林中袅袅而来。人文学是一片逐渐隆起的学科高地，她从高校的学院间涌动而成。人文学是一束古今成集的精神祥光，她与全球化的大格局交相辉映。人文学的博大精深注定不是对象化的学问，出之入之最需要水磨功夫和投身化境。我们不主张学派性、区域性和话语凝固性的研究，化感通变以期通和致化是进入人文学创造的必然过程。在人文学的曙光从地平线上升起之时，我们尽可能把学界的相关研究纳入视野，黄钟大吕自可宝爱，破砖碎石亦有功用，天章云霞堪成集锦，家藏敝帚聊以自珍。要在知通知化，妙于取精用弘，努力捕捉人文学内在的必然联系，庶几烘托作为重点研究领域的开放性学科创新。     

Macro-economic determinants of consumer price knowledge: A meta-analysis of four decades of research

For the past four decades, dozens of researchers have studied consumer price knowledge, often with disagreements on the extent of consumer' ignorance about prices. While some of these disagreements have been attributed to research design variations among studies, no inquiry has yet been made on the role of the economic environment on consumer price knowledge. Nevertheless, environmental factors such as interest rates, unemployment, and economic growth may significantly influence consumers' knowledge of prices. Certain economic environments may therefore provide marketers with the ability to utilize pricing tactics which rely on limitations in consumers' knowledge of product prices. Using a meta-analytic framework, this paper synthesizes the results of 297 previous price knowledge studies to document the effects of inflation, unemployment, GDP growth, interest rates, country of study, and passage of time on consumer price knowledge. The meta-analysis results demonstrate that economic factors have considerable influence on explaining variations in consumer price knowledge. Managerial and public policy implications of the findings in light of turbulent economic environments are discussed.     

Provision of Step-Level Public Goods with Uncertain Provision Threshold and Continuous Contribution

Common to most theoretical and empirical research on public goods is the assumption that the parameters of the game are common knowledge. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have questioned this assumption by arguing that many public goods situations are characterized by uncertainty regarding various aspects of the situation. In particular, Suleiman (1997) argued that members of production groups of step-level public goods are often uncertain about the value of the provision threshold. For this type of uncertainty he proposed three distinct models to account for the individual's contribution.The present study reports the results of an experiment designed primarily to test and contrast the predictions derived from two of these models – a subjective expected utility model and a cooperative model – regarding the effects of threshold uncertainty on contribution for the provision of step-level public goods. Other goals of the study were to test the joint effect of the threshold uncertainty level, and its mean (low vs. high), on contribution, and to examine the effect of threshold uncertainty on the individuals' estimates regarding the contributions of other group members.The results show that the effect of threshold uncertainty is moderated by the threshold mean: Contribution to the public good increased as a function of uncertainty for the lower threshold mean, and decreased (though not significantly) for the higher threshold mean. In contrast, for the two threshold means the subjects' estimates of the mean and variability of others' contribution increased with threshold uncertainty.The models' comparison revealed that the cooperative model was superior to the subjective expected utility model. This result adds to a substantial body of research on social dilemmas showing that under conditions of social (strategic) uncertainty, group members tacitly coordinate their choice behavior by anchoring their decisions on rules of fairness.     

农业生产合作社的经济学分析

农业合作社作为一种准一体化组织具有双重特征,既能发挥集体组织的优势,有效地规避外部机会主义风险,又能利用独立经营的优势,但也存在高组织成本的不足.扬长避短,有效利用农业合作社这种组织形式是提高我国农业生产效率的有效方式.     

农村集体经济的性质与内涵研究

长期以来的"集体经济"以及"集体所有制"认识都深受高度集中计划经济意识形态的影响,从而偏离了"集体经济"的本来含义.马克思有合作制的理论论述却没有使用"集体所有制"这一概念,而合作制却是集体经济的原初规定.鉴于国有全民经济、股份制以及股份合作制的本质规定以及现代公司制的发展要求,集体经济组织应该从"无差异的所有者"群体向"有差异所有者"的法人企业转变;从集体成员"无差异政治福利"的所有者权益实现形式向能定量化、能兼顾风险偏好和利益激励的"按股分红"转变.同时,需要剥离集体企业员工作为所有者个体和公司职员的双重身份,理顺所有者和职员的分配关系.而这些都必须基于集体经济本质的重新认识.     

条形码在考务管理信息系统中的应用

结合考务管理工作,介绍了条形码技术的几个关键技术,并将其应用于考务管理信息系统,经过实践证明取得预期效果.     

关于乡镇领导干部任期经济责任审计的思考

积极推行乡镇党委书记、乡镇长任期经济责任审计,可以加强对基层领导干部在管理经济过程中的权力制约和监督,促进领导干部勤政廉政、全面履行职责可以更好地为新农村建设服务.如何做好乡镇领导干部任期经济责任审计,笔者在实践中作了一些思考.     

An investigation of long memory in various measures of stock market volatility, using wavelets and aggregate series

Using methods based on wavelets and aggregate series, long memory in the absolute daily returns, squared daily returns, and log squared daily returns of the S&P 500 Index are investigated. First, we estimate the long memory parameter in each series using a method based on the discrete wavelet transform. For each series, the variance method and the absolute value method based on aggregate series are then employed to investigate long memory. Our findings suggest that these methods provide evidence of long memory in the volatility of the S&P 500 Index. Our esteemed colleague, Robert DiSario, passed away on December 31, 2005.     

Financial Markets for Unknown Risks if Beliefs Differ

We consider a general equilibrium model with individual and collective risks. The article builds on a contribution by Chichilnisky and Heal, who show that contingent Arrow–Debreu equilibria can also be supported in economies with Arrow securities and mutual insurance contracts. However, they show this to be true in general only if beliefs are identical, a very restrictive assumption in the context of unknown risks. Moreover, they claim complete insurance in equilibrium to be impossible if beliefs are different. We show that even with different beliefs, firstly, complete insurance is possible in each statistical state, and secondly, contingent equilibrium can still be supported in economies with insurance and securities.