对德国巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统考察

通过对巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统调研,可以看出:协会是全州范围内从事苗圃、墓地园艺、灌木园艺、观赏植物等生产经营活动的、多种不同类型的园林企业自愿加入的具有经济协会和雇主协会双重功能的协会组织;协会承担对外沟通交流与对内业务培训、咨询、研讨等多样性职责;协会设有常务理事会、理事会、会员代表大会和会员大会健全的机关;协会和其他相关机构密切合作,既可互为会员又可相互代表;协会将近1000名分散的会员组织起来,代表其政治经济利益,形成聚集优势,享受优惠服务,降低企业成本,创造新的优势,获得协同效应,提高行业知名度,促进行业发展。这对中国农民专业合作经济组织和农业协会的发展具有重要参考与借鉴。     

EMNEs venturing into advanced economies: Findings from comparative cases of two Indian MNEs

Indian firms are challenged by the latecomer disadvantages faced by emerging‐market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in general. These challenges notwithstanding, Indian firms are doing cross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) in developed regions. Analyzing firm‐level secondary data of two Indian MNEs—namely, Motherson Sumi Systems Limited and Rain Industries Limited—that show significant developed region–based revenues and assets, we link extant and emerging theoretical perspectives on EMNEs’ internationalization with the observed firm motives and behaviors of our case firms. We propose a framework of multiple contextual settings to understand the context‐driven internationalization of the case firms. Finally, our article offers a set of propositions emphasizing firm‐level entrepreneurial orientation and international orientation, when EMNEs internationalize via CBAs in developed regions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

江苏省与周边省市旅游合作的优劣势研究

区域旅游合作已经成为国内外区域经济合作发展趋势下旅游业的必然选择。江苏省与周边省市旅游合作具有便捷的区位交通、丰富的旅游资源、庞大的客源市场等合作优势,但也具有经济发展不平衡、旅游发展不平衡、旅游整体形象缺失等劣势。基于此,本文对江苏省与周边省市旅游合作的优势和劣势进行了分析,以期进一步加强区域间的旅游合作,并促进江苏省旅游业的进一步发展。     

中国进出口贸易顺差的原因、现状及未来展望

以工业制成品进出口为主导,并附之以初次产品进口的国际贸易分工模式所带来的大量贸易顺差,是中国经济的资源禀赋和对外投资、贸易政策共同作用的结果;而顺差变化幅度的轨迹则表明,中国经济正在实现通过外向型政策创造比较优势,向依靠国内大市场培育的规模经济和近乎无限供给的劳动力条件形成的、自发的比较优势转变这一过程。因此,贸易顺差的扩大是未来相当长时期内中国经济对外贸易的基本态势,不存在任何低成本的快速降低贸易顺差的短期措施。     

微波处理废水方法概况

综述了利用微波处理技术进行废水处理的几种应用方式,包括微波直接辐射处理法、微波作用于废水和活性炭(或其他物质)处理方法及微波与催化氧化相结合的废水处理方法。同时指出了利用微波技术处理废水的优缺点与展望。     

“Third World” Multinationals Revisited

Abstract

The notion of “Third World Multinationals” has always been, at least, slightly misleading, and has now also become obsolete, taking into account the dismantlement of most of the ideological divides between different political and economic blocks since the early 1990s, and the new rules of the games imposed by globalization. Furthermore, new multinationals emerging from China, and also from the former Soviet republics, are demanding a new and more flexible taxonomy. The present paper re-defines “Multinationals from Developing Countries” (MEDCs) and it reviews first, the current literature on multinationals, looking at the key factors which may explain the internationalization process of enterprises coming from outside the traditional, developed, and industrialised world, and also whether they may enjoy specific sources of comparative advantages, different from those ascribed to the old, established multinationals. A statistical appendix provides a brief but comprehensive survey of the current status of MEDCs, pointing out that, at the end of the day, there are roughly only four such enterprises in the usual rankings of the first one hundred multinational corporations, worldwide, and that the prospects of a forthcoming, and enhanced upgrading in the global corporate structure are heavily geared towards Asia. The data would also seem to support the argument that sheer “scale”, as such, of the enterprises does not explain a greater or lower degree of “transnationalization,” a conclusion which, added to that of the greater flexibility provided by the new information technologies, could be goods news for small-and medium-sized enterprises coming from the developing world.     

论联合体投标的实际应用

随着联合体投标情况的不断增加,如何确定政府采购活动中联合体身份,如何确定联合体资格要求及资质级别等成为招标投标工作人员必须面对的问题。文章结合相关法规条款对联合体投标作了简要分析。     

企业竞争中的“黑洞现象”及其对策探讨

文章针对国际企业竞争中出现的新趋势,即随着全球化进程的加快,资源和市场份额愈来愈集中在少数几个跨国巨头手中,而无论从资金、技术还是管理和人力资源都不是很强的国内企业如何应对,尤其是中国按照加入WTO时所作的承诺将在2005年全面开放市场,国内企业失去了政策保护,将和跨国巨头直接展开厮杀的关头,我们如何提高胜算,本文将对此作一简要分析.     

Trade Structure and Trade liberalization: The emerging pattern between the EU and Transition Economies

The purpose of this study is to find empirical evidence for the assumption that trade liberalization unlocks the potential of the Transition Economies (TEs) to achieve technological upgrading, productivity progress and catching-up (in terms of income). The study examines the trade structure now emerging between the European Union (EU) and the TEs in the light of two sets of differently liberalized trade items identified by the European Agreements. The aim is to determine whether trade liberalization has helped to supersede the structures – reflected mainly in the low quality of products – inherited by the TEs from the command economy. The empirical results are interpreted in the light of the Flam-Helpman quality-cycle model. We find evidence of an ongoing division of labor between high quality products (EU) and low quality products (TEs) according to a cycle. The first stage comprises the already well established dominance of quality advantage products by EU countries producing and exporting high-quality products, which crowd out the TEs' production of similar products. The second stage is the exploitation of cost-advantages by TEs in less liberalized trade, and there they appear to achieve better results. All these results may be taken as support for an active government in TEs.     

客运专线整体式无砟轨道道床板上拱与支撑层产生离缝病害整治技术

该文通过调查分析整体式无砟轨道道床板上拱与支撑层产生离缝病害原因,并针对病害原因提出整治原则及方案,详细介绍了整治方案的工艺及操作要点,认真细致的描述了各工序的施工方法,最后对方案整治效果及方案实施的优缺点进行了归纳总结,经过两年多的运营,状况良好,为无砟轨道线路离缝病害整治提出了一套可行性的方案。