中小企业实施绿色管理的SWOT分析及对策研究

通过分析中小企业绿色管理的现状,并对中小企业实施绿色管理进行了SWOT分析。中小企业实施绿色管理的优势是机制灵活,组织机构简单;资源整合能力强;单个企业对环境的影响小。劣势是绿色管理理念不清;资源限制。机会是绿色战略上升为国家战略;绿色法律法规体系不断完善;优惠政策的支持。威胁是法律法规执行不力,可操作性不强;公民绿色消费意识不强;绿色会计、绿色审计和绿色信息披露未有效实施;全球化的挑战。在指出实施绿色管理,能为中小企业带来持久的竞争优势中。提出了中小企业实施绿色管理的对策建议：树立绿色理念;进行绿色产品全生命周期管理;积极申请绿色认证。     

Nested identities as cognitive drivers of strategy

Research Summary: Organizations face tensions to conform to industry norms for legitimacy yet differentiate for competitive advantage when implementing strategies. We suggest this tension is due to and resolved through organizations’ cognitive negotiations of multiple levels of identity. Through an inductive study in the recreational vehicle industry, we find that organizations concurrently draw on identities at the organizational, industry, and strategic group levels to formulate and enact specific competitive actions. Specifically, we find that organizational identity relates to decisions on product offerings; industry identity relates to downstream strategy; and strategic group identity relates to upstream strategy, firm boundaries, and expansion mode. Our findings highlight the importance of strategic group identity and inform a grounded model describing how organizations draw upon different levels of identity to influence strategy. Managerial Summary: Many managers experience tensions of differentiating their firms’ competitive actions from rivals, while conforming with industry norms and practices. In this article, we argue that a manager can navigate these tensions by understanding their firm, strategic group, and industry identities and how these identities interrelate. Through a qualitative case study of the U.S. recreational vehicle industry, we show that each level of identity influences different competitive actions, with firm identity connected to product offerings, industry identity related to managing downstream distribution, and strategic group identity related to firm boundary and acquisition strategies. Overall, strategic group identity is the most critical for managers as this level filters how they view competitors and provides the rules of competition.     

Firm‐specific human capital investments as a signal of general value: Revisiting assumptions about human capital and how it is managed

Research summary : Prior scholarship has assumed that firm‐specific and general human capital can be analyzed separately. This article argues that, in some settings, this is not the case because prior firm‐specific human capital investments can be a market signal of an individual's willingness and ability to make such investments in the future. As such, the willingness and ability to make firm‐specific investments is a type of general human capital that links firm‐specific and general human capital in important ways. The article develops theory about these investments, market signals, and value appropriation. Then, the article examines implications for human resource management and several important questions in the field of strategic management, including theories of the firm and microfoundations of competitive advantage. Managerial summary : While managers don't often use the terms firm‐specific and general skills, they certainly recognize that investments employees make in their skill sets are more or less relevant to a specific firm. For instance, investing in specific relationships within a firm or learning a firm's proprietary software would be considered firm‐specific investments. While such skills may seem relevant only to the particular firm in which they were invested, these investments may also send valuable signals to competing firms that such employees are willing and able to make similar investments elsewhere. Hence, managers should be interested in determining if a potential hire has made prior firm‐specific investments to help them know whether that person might be likely to make such investments in his or her future place of employment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC ) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing . Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人力资源能力建设与提升中国城市竞争力问题探讨

人力资源能力从根本上决定了一个城市的综合实力和竞争力.本文通过分析人力资源能力建设对提升中国城市竞争力的作用以及当前中国城市人力资源能力建设中存住的主要问题,探讨了加强城市人力资源能力建设提升城市竞争力的主要对策.     

论企业科技创新与知识产权保护

知识经济时代,拥有知识产权意味着拥有生存的能力,拥有创造财富的基础.正确认识和理解科技创新与知识产权保护之间的关系,合理构建中小企业科技创新和知识产权保护机制,对中小企业防范法律风险,保护自身利益,推动其健康快速发展,从而提升我国对外贸易竞争力具有重要的现实意义.     

金融危机后物流产业绿色化发展战略研究——基于国家竞争优势的视角

以减少物流成本以及增加产业增加值为目标的绿色物流无疑是金融危机后我国物流产业发展的最佳选择之一。运用线性回归方法进行分析可得出物流成本、物流增加值与国家经济发展水平具有相关关系。在基于国家竞争优势与＂物流产业钻石模型＂的基础上,得出物流绿色化发展战略,其中包括从绿色物流需求条件到政府行为等五个方面。     

利用外资与“入世”以来江苏出口竞争力的提升

本文在综述有关文献的基础上,首先从出口增长速度、出口结构、出口价格、出口集中度、出口品牌等方面分析"入世"以来江苏出口竞争力的情况,其次从外资对出口总额及外贸顺差、外资对优化出口结构和提高出口集中度、外商投资的地域性和行业性决定了江苏出口的地域性和行业性等方面分析外资的作用,得出结论:外资主导了"入世"以来江苏出口竞争力的提升。最后提出建议:既要大力吸引外资,以保持目前的出口竞争优势,更要加大力度培养内资,使之能逐步替代外资,支撑起江苏出口未来的竞争优势。     

基于价值创造的企业构成、能力与持续竞争优势

文章提出了基于价值创造的企业行为过程理论模型。在此基础上,指出了企业构成;深入研究了企业能力及其提升：剖析了持续竞争优势形成的内在机理与外在标志。最后,形成了基于价值创造的企业构成、能力、持续竞争优势与市场位势的内在逻辑关系模型。     

红色旅游城市的市场竞争态分析——以6大红色旅游城市为例

随着红色旅游的发展,以及城市化进程的加快,一批批红色旅游城市得以涌现,红色旅游城市之间的竞争也不断加剧。本文通过市场竞争态,对全国6大热点红色旅游城市的市场发展态势进行了分析,以期为红色旅游城市的旅游规划与决策提供依据。