亚当·斯密税收原则的重新解读

作为最被推崇的亚当.斯密的税收原则体系并不完备,一些其他原则,诸如不侵害公民的自由权、以国情为原则、避免使资本外逃及引导公民行为等也是构成税收原则体系不可或缺的部分;另外,各税收原则一般很难兼容。在税制改革时并不必然需要,也不可能符合所有原则。因而税种的设置要依据不同时期的经济和社会发展目标以及各税种的具体情况,对各原则有所取舍。     

非一体化经营组织中战略联盟的均衡分析

非一体化经营组织间势必存在战略联盟 ,战略联盟靠契约关系来维系。我们要对战略联盟进行均衡分析 ,以此来揭示战略联盟建立、维系的决定因素 :契约的完备性与违约金的大小 ;并且指出 ,上述两因素有助于维护从属企业的利益。     

STOCHASTIC HYPERBOLIC DYNAMICS FOR INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL FORWARD RATES AND OPTION PRICING

We model the term-structure modeling of interest rates by considering the forward rate as the solution of a stochastic hyperbolic partial differential equation. First, we study the arbitrage-free model of the term structure and explore the completeness of the market. We then derive results for the pricing of general contingent claims. Finally we obtain an explicit formula for a forward rate cap in the Gaussian framework from the general results.     

Lévy term structure models: No-arbitrage and completeness

The Lévy term structure model due to Eberlein and Raible is extended to non-homogeneous driving processes. The classes of equivalent martingale and local martingale measures for various filtrations are characterized. It turns out that in a number of standard situations the martingale measure is unique.Received: May 2004, Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 60H30, 91B28, 60G51JEL Classification: E43, G13Work supported in part by the European Communitys Human Potential Programme under contract HPRN-CT-2000-00100, DYNSTOCH.     

Diversified Portfolios in Continuous Time

We study a financial market containing an infinite number of assets, where each asset price is driven by an idiosyncratic random source as well as by a systematic noise term. Introducing asymptotic assets which correspond to certain infinitely well diversified portfolios we study absence of (asymptotic) arbitrage, and in this context we obtain continuous time extensions of atemporal APT results. We also study completeness and derivative pricing, showing that the possibility of forming infinitely well diversified portfolios has the property of completing the market. It also turns out that models where the all risk is of diffusion type are qualitatively quite different from models where one risk is of diffusion type and the other is of Poisson type. We also present a simple martingale based theory for absence of asymptotic arbitrage.     

低应变反射波法在水泥搅拌桩中的应用探讨

水泥搅拌桩广泛应用于地基处理加固工程,国内很多学者研究用反射波法来检测水泥搅拌桩,并取得了一系列的成果。文章通过工程实例对低应变反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩桩身完整性方面应注意的问题及检测结果进行分析评定,经采用其他方法对检测结果进行比对验证。     

The Second Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing

This paper presents a resolution of the paradox proposed by the example of an economy with complette markets and a multiplicityof martingale measures constructed by Artzner and Heath (1995). The resolution lies in noting that completeness is with respect to a topology on the space of cash flows and is connected with uniqueness of the price functional in the topological dual space. Uniqueness may be lost outside the dual and this is what occurs in the counterexample of Artzner and Heath.     

Applications of the Likelihood Theory in Finance: Modelling and Pricing

This paper discusses the connection between mathematical finance and statistical modelling which turns out to be more than a formal mathematical correspondence. We like to figure out how common results and notions in statistics and their meaning can be translated to the world of mathematical finance and vice versa. A lot of similarities can be expressed in terms of LeCam’s theory for statistical experiments which is the theory of the behaviour of likelihood processes. For positive prices the arbitrage free financial assets fit into statistical experiments. It is shown that they are given by filtered likelihood ratio processes. From the statistical point of view, martingale measures, completeness, and pricing formulas are revisited. The pricing formulas for various options are connected with the power functions of tests. For instance the Black–Scholes price of a European option is related to Neyman–Pearson tests and it has an interpretation as Bayes risk. Under contiguity the convergence of financial experiments and option prices are obtained. In particular, the approximation of Itô type price processes by discrete models and the convergence of associated option prices is studied. The result relies on the central limit theorem for statistical experiments, which is well known in statistics in connection with local asymptotic normal (LAN) families. As application certain continuous time option prices can be approximated by related discrete time pricing formulas.     

超距空间的紧致性及其相关性质

利用超距空间的基本性质及拓扑空间紧致性的相关理论，给出超距空间为紧致空间的充分且必要条件，并讨论了一些相关性质。     

A note on completeness in large financial markets

We study completeness in large financial markets, namely markets containing countably many assets. We investigate the relationship between asymptotic completeness in the global market and completeness in the finite submarkets, under a no-arbitrage assumption. We also suggest a way to approximate a replicating strategy in the large market by finite-dimensional portfolios. Furthermore, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for completeness to hold in a factor model.