工程结算审核的管理和控制

为了确保工程施工进度与质量安全,就必须对整个工程成本进行严格地控制,并在整个工程或者分项工程完成后积极做好工程结算审核工作,从而强化工程结算审核的合理性与可靠性。但是由于工程结算审核需要在大量事实和依据上进行,使得审核过程出现了诸多问题,对预结算的准确有效性造成了严重的影响。本文就工程结算审核的管理和控制进行了分析。     

房地产企业工程造价的管理与控制

随着国家的宏观调控,房地产市场的暴利时代已经逝去。而以定位准确、服务至上、提高品质、品牌等为核心的"价值回归"的理念,正在得到业界越来越多的关注和认同。因此,房地产行业在未来的发展过程中,如何通过工程造价的管理与控制,来提高自己的核心竞争力已是重中之重。笔者现结合实际工作的一些体会,就房地产企业在开发过程中工程造价的管理与控制谈一些个人的观点。希望能为工程造价合理、有效的管理和控制提供一定参考。     

Organizational Design,Competition, and Financial Exchanges

We investigate the incentives for vertical and horizontal integration in the financial securities service industry. In a model with two exchanges and two central securities depositories (CSDs), we find that decentralized decisions might lead to privately and socially inferior industry equilibria with vertical integration of both CSDs with their respective exchanges. Allowing for horizontal integration of CSDs avoids privately inferior industry equilibria. However, we observe too little horizontal integration from the social perspective. We link our results to recent regulatory and institutional developments such as the emergence of multilateral trading facilities, over-the-counter regulation, and financial harmonization.     

国内外电力建设工程竣工移交条件差异及合同纠纷分析

国内外电力建设工程竣工移交时,在性能试验责任主体、时间、试验项目等多方面存在较多差异,进而导致了工程投入商业运行、颁发移交生产交接书、缺陷责任期起始和结束等诸多时间的不一致,这些差异和不一致可能引起业主与EPC承包商之间的合同纠纷。本文对上述差异和可能引起的纠纷进行了分析,并提出对策和建议。     

Destruction and settlement norms as determinants of conflict: An evolutionary perspective

This paper studies conflict in a simple bargaining framework using an evolutionary game-theoretic approach. Our findings suggest that a player does not always regard the winning probability as an acceptable settlement rule. He accepts a division according to winning probability when the destruction caused to him in conflict is more than a threshold, which in turn depends on cost of conflict to the opponent and the size of the population. Further, our analysis shows that the norms with positive weight to disagreement payoff are effective against conflict, and incentivize peace. Contrary to the findings of extant studies carried out in finite population evolutionary game setting, the settlement possibility set is identical under both ESS and Nash equilibrium in our model with settlement norms.     

对国内外砂土地震液化评价介绍及比较

本文通过应用国内外不同的勘察规范对同一个工程场地的地震液化等级划分的计算及评价介绍,得出了一个采用不同规范,可取得比较一致的地震砂土液化等级的结论。     

论工程造价结算审核的方法与技巧

工程竣工结算审核是工程造价控制的核心部分,也是一个最为关键的环节,在具体的造价结算审核过程中,需要不断总结经验,取长补短,根据工程的实际情况选择最适宜的审核方式。本文主要分析工程造价结算审核的方法与技巧。     

How did investor‐state dispute settlement get a bad rap? Blame it on NAFTA,of course

In the short history of the US bilateral investment treaty (BIT) programme, there have been no instances of dispute settlement cases initiated against the United States by firms from BIT countries. The NAFTA experience changed that. Where other studies have only hinted at the reasons for NAFTA controversies, this paper makes clear three causal factors: (i) changing patterns and intensity of FDI, (ii) the application of those rules to developed countries amid those changing FDI patterns and (iii) ambiguities in ISDS rules themselves. The paper explores these and traces the ways in which lessons of the NAFTA have been instrumental in changing the pursuit of investment protection agreements. BITs used to be uncontroversial, but the NAFTA focused attention on reforms to ISDS that maintain the utility of BITs in the governance of FDI, without creating a legal structure for simply challenging the state.     

我国商业银行结算风险问题研究

银行支付结算工作是银行会计工作的基础,银行支付结算工作质量的好坏直接影响会计工作质量好坏。银行结算风险的出现使银行资金直接造成损失。近年来,银行结算案件发生呈上升趋势,防范结算风险的重要性受到各银行的重视,已经作为银行内部监管的一项重要工作。     

中国入世十年主动参与WTO争端解决机制实践述评

自2001年12月11日中国正式加入世界贸易组织以来的十年内,中国主动或被动地参与了WTO争端解决机制。本文首先对中国入世十年以来参与WTO争端解决的实践进行了总体评价,然后就中国入世十年来作为申诉方主动参与WTO争端解决案例做了述评。本文认为,入世十年来,中国在WTO争端解决诉讼上,基本维持着攻少守多但又不失均衡的状态。中国发起争端解决的案子主要集中在贸易救济领域,起诉案子的质量有待提高,需要各方更深入地发掘欧盟等国违反WTO规则的措施。