Minimum Wage Compliance and the Labor Demand Curve

Contrary to the traditional analysis of the employment effects of the minimum wage setting, the author shows that if compliance is contingent upon enforcement, complying with the minimum wage law involves a leftward shift of the labor demand curve rather than an upward movement along the curve. Furthermore, the labor demand curve will shift leftward with enforcement even if enforcement is insufficient to ensure compliance, becoming vertical when the options of compliance and noncompliance are equally attractive. Hence, it is not paying the statutory minimum wage that brings about a reduction in employment down to the full-compliance level but enforcement that, if sufficiently high, induces that same reduction in employment, even if the employer is still noncomplying with the minimum wage law.     

证券公司需采取哪些措施才能做到有效合规

法律法规及规章制度的建立健全仅仅是合规管理工作开展的前提和基础,证券公司能否有效合规还必须通过努力,提升执行力。首先,提升证券公司高管对合规管理的全面认识,加强管理层的驱动作用。其次,给予合规管理工作及合规人员的正确定位。再次,加强对各部门的合规管理执行情况的考核力度。最后,不断提升合规管理工作人员的专业素质。     

“三从四德”与封建女性行为规范的形成

董仲舒由“阳尊阴卑”出发,确立了“夫尊妇卑”的伦理规范,并在此之上,提出“夫为妻纲”的道德准则。在这一准则的指导下,董氏又继承了刘向对“三从”的解释,将原本属于礼制规范的“三从”,扩大为女性行为规范。后,班昭在认可女性“卑弱”身份的前提下,详细阐释了《周礼·天官》中的“四德”,使之成为禁锢女性行为的枷锁。     

税收遵从成本对企业纳税遵从的影响分析——基于企业逃税模型的视角

在传统的A-S逃税模型中加入税收遵从成本因素分析以及对纳税遵从的影响,只适用于个人纳税。运用企业逃税模型分析税收遵从成本对企业纳税遵从的影响不仅符合企业实际,而且在我国更有现实意义。当前,应完善税收征管,简化税制,优化税收环境,从根本上降低企业税收遵从成本。     

Impact of Personal and Situational Factors on Taxpayer Compliance: An Experimental Analysis

This study used a laboratory experiment with monetary incentives to test the impact of three personal factors (moral reasoning, value orientation and risk preference), and three situational factors (the presence/absence of audits, tax inequity, and peer reporting behavior), while controlling for the impact of other demographic characteristics, on tax compliance. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) reveals that all the main effects analyzed are statistically significant and robustly influence tax compliance behavior. These results highlight the importance of obtaining a proper understanding of these factors for developing effective policies for increasing the level of compliance, and indicate that standard enforcement polices based on punishment alone should be supplemented by an information system that would acquaint tax payers with the compliance level of other tax payers; reinforce the concept of fairness of the tax system among tax payers; and develop programs that enhance and appeal to a taxpayer's moral conscience and reinforce social cohesion.     

环境污染责任保险对企业债务融资成本的影响研究

在欧美发达经济体中,环境污染责任保险在实现经济与环境可持续发展中发挥着重要作用.环境污染责任保险在中国尚处于推广阶段,企业投保意愿不强,参保率较低,急需提高企业对环境污染责任保险的价值认同.环境污染责任保险是否具有资金融通效应,是企业主动接纳该类保险的重要驱动因素.为检验环境污染责任保险能否为企业带来资金融通的价值,文...     

美国以自然资源保护为宗旨的土地休耕经验

美国土地休耕制度包括一系列水土保持计划和以土壤侵蚀度为主要指标的水土保持评价标准,它通过一系列耕地保护计划来推行。回顾美国农业耕作土地采取休耕政策及其实施情况,讨论了值得我国学习和借鉴的土地休耕计划的政策的成本费用等问题。     

盈利能力、环境执法与环保法律实施的股价冲击——基于新《环境保护法》出台的事件研究

基于合规成本理论,围绕新《环境保护法》（以下简称“新法”）的出台,采用沪深两市A股重污染行业上市公司的相关数据,运用事件研究法和多元截面回归实证考察了“史上最严环保法”的股价冲击及其影响因素。实证发现：（1）“新法”颁布和实施均造成了显著的股价冲击;（2）“新法”颁布事件窗口,上市公司的盈利能力加剧了股价冲击,上市公司外部的环境执法力度缓解了股价冲击;（3）“新法”实施事件窗口,盈利能力缓解了股价冲击,环境执法力度与股价冲击没有显著的相关关系。研究表明,“新法”颁布表现出政策冲击效应,而“新法”实施表现出信息发现效应。研究结论有助于理解投资者的行为特征、决策的过程及影响机制。     

The effect of a potential borrower's reporting reputation and financial condition on commercial loan officers' estimates of forecast bias and subsequent loan recommendations

This paper investigates whether a potential borrower's reporting reputation and financial condition affect commercial loan officers' loan judgments and recommendations after receiving an earnings forecast that predicts improved financial performance. The results suggest that the earnings forecast is perceived as more credible in the presence of (1) a reputation for objective reporting, and (2) strong financial condition. Also, a reputation for objective reporting allowed the borrower to more credibly convey the expected improvement in performance when financial condition was weak. However, while financial condition predictably affects loan recommendations (likelihood of granting the loan, interest rate), reporting reputation does not. While we find that commercial loan officers discount forecasts under similar circumstances as stock analysts, results suggest that the consequences of developing a reputation for aggressive reporting (e.g., aggressive selection of accounting methods and estimates within GAAP) may be greater in a stock valuation setting (prior research documents lower stock prices) than in a loan setting.