旅游规划需要新理念--旅游规划三议

为了适应我国旅游业的发展，为了我国旅游规划工作能够沿着科学化、法制化、规范化的轨道前进，旅游规划的编制迫切需要理念的创新。本文从“新理念是发展的需要”、“进步带来的挑战”、“旅游概念是旅游规划的核心”三个层面，以层层推进的方式，着重阐述了应对挑战寻求突破的学术基础，并进而阐释了作者本人有关“概念性旅游规划”的创新性理论。     

LDPC码在因子图上的构造及其译码

LDPC码是一种可以接近香农限的线性分组码，可通过稀疏奇偶校验矩阵来构造。也可以用因子图来构成。根据LDPC码的不同构成方法至今已提出了数种不同的译码方法。本文介绍了基于因子图的LDPC码的构造方法，分析了和一积(SPA)译码算法的基本原理，最后详细讨论了用SPA算法对LDPC码进行译码的过程。     

会计基本假设:概念层次辨析与重新认识

从历史发展和逻辑分析的角度， 对公认的四项会计基本假设（ 会计主体、持续经营、会计分期和货币计量） 的概念层次进行重新划分， 并就各项会计基本假设的内容提出自己的新观点。嗣后本文对四项会计基本假设的内涵进行适当的修正， 并提出增添会计计量属性假设的新思路。     

Qualitative Text Analysis Supported by Conceptual Data Systems

Content analysis as a method in social sciences is used to systematically explore textual data. Data resulting from content analysis can be made transparent by saving it in a conceptual data system. This supports its interpretation and reexamination and the process of interpretative theory building. By means of an example of a conceptual data system from musicology, the possibilities and restrictions of this new approach in computer-aided qualitative text research are analyzed. Finally, the approach is discussed as a general method of qualitative formal theory building in the context of content analysis.     

Conceptual Knowledge Markup Language: An introduction

Conceptual Knowledge Markup Language (CKML) is an application of XML. Earlier versions of CKML followed rather exclusively the philosophy of Conceptual Knowledge Processing (CKP), a principled approach to knowledge representation and data analysis that “advocates methods and instruments of conceptual knowledge processing which support people in their rational thinking, judgment and acting and promote critical discussion”. The new version of CKML continues to follow this approach, but also incorporates various principles, insights and techniques from Information Flow (IF), the logical design of distributed systems. Among other things, this allows diverse communities of discourse to compare their own information structures, as coded in logical theories, with that of other communities that share a common generic ontology. CKML incorporates the CKP ideas of concept lattice and formal context, along with the IF ideas of classification (= formal context), infomorphism, theory, interpretation and local logic. Ontology Markup Language (OML), a subset of CKML that is a self-sufficient markup language in its own right, follows the principles and ideas of Conceptual Graphs (CG). OML is used for structuring the specifications and axiomatics of metadata into ontologies. OML incorporates the CG ideas of concept, conceptual relation, conceptual graph, conceptual context, participants and ontology. The link from OML to CKML is the process of conceptual scaling, which is the interpretive transformation of ontologically structured knowledge to conceptual structured knowledge. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

概念营销在房地产广告中的运用

房地产业在整个国民经济中处于重要地位，它的健康发展对整个国民经济的发展起着举足轻重的作用。在新经济时代，产品同质化现象严重，房地产行业只有凭借以消费者为中心的观念，加强品牌管理及提升企业形象，才能取得长足发展。     

Conceptual Model for Urban Competitiveness

Urban competitiveness is always the focus of researches on urban economy. The variety of definitions and evaluation systems of urban competitiveness are the results of lack of accurate and comprehensive understanding on urban competitiveness. This paper reviews five groups of definitions on urban competitiveness and establishes a conceptual model for urban competitiveness.     

我国铁路计算机编图系统的组成及运作模式构想

根据我国铁路运输管理模式的特殊性及编图工作的特点,提出我国未来计算机编图系统的组成、运作模式及需解决的技术难点。     

Causality: a Statistical View

Statistical aspects of causality are reviewed in simple form and the impact of recent work discussed. Three distinct notions of causality are set out and implications for densities and for linear dependencies explained. The importance of appreciating the possibility of effect modifiers is stressed, be they intermediate variables, background variables or unobserved confounders. In many contexts the issue of unobserved confounders is salient. The difficulties of interpretation when there are joint effects are discussed and possible modifications of analysis explained. The dangers of uncritical conditioning and marginalization over intermediate response variables are set out and some of the problems of generalizing conclusions to populations and individuals explained. In general terms the importance of search for possibly causal variables is stressed but the need for caution is emphasized.     

Structure and Location of Innovative Activity in the Italian Economy, 1981–85

An ‘innovative activity matrix’ is established from a recent ISTAT/CNR survey of innovation. After specifying the particularities of an innovative activity matrix in comparison with other flow matrices, we show that it is asymmetrical and clustered in parts of economic space. The structure of the innovative activity matrix is similar to that of the domestic and import requirement but not the capital flow matrix. Strong correlations indicate the following: that input–output analysis is useful for identifying the location of innovative activities in economic space; that it can be analyzed in an economically meaningful way; that its location is structured; and that, furthermore, it is structured in ways which are statistically related to economic activity. The paper ends with suggestions for the examination of possible causal relationships.