一种新的分布式协作能量检测算法

针对集中式协作能量检测算法严重依赖中心节点的问题,提出了一种基于一致滤波器 的完全分布式的协作能量检测算法。该算法不需要中心节点,次用户可以通过与其邻居次用 户进行局域的数据交换,实现基于数据级融合的协作频谱感知。仿真结果表明,该算法比现 有的集中式协作能量检测算法优越,能够实现安全的频谱感知。     

基于可信度计算的分布式共识合作感知算法

对于分布式的认知无线网络,由于不存在融合中心节点,次级用户节点之间的合作感知往往 采用信息交互的渠道进行,其中一种基于共识合作的感知机制受到广泛的研究,但这种机制 在鲁棒性方面存在一定的缺陷,当恶意节点存在时,其错误信息将影响局部的感知判决结果 ,为此,提出一种基于感知节点可信度的共识合作感知机制。在该机制中,各节点对邻居节 点的可信度进行计算,并把计算出的可信度值发送给其他节点,通过对各节点可信度的累加 计算,最终计算出各节点的可信度,各节点以此决定是否与其邻居节点合作以及如何合作。 仿真结果证明,在恶意节点存在的情况下,该算法在感知性能和收敛速度上都较未改进算法 有不同程度的提升,减轻了不可靠节点对合作感知结果的影响。     

Facilitating computer-supported meetings: A cumulative analysis in a multiple-criteria task environment

There have been many instances of the ineffective applications of new information technology. This article describes a program of enhancing the effectiveness of a new technology, Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), through a series of studies which resulted in improvements in the technology itself as well as in how the technology is supported. Our approach emphasizes human facilitation and facilitative features embedded in the GDSS software.     

Estimating healthcare resource use associated with the treatment of metastatic melanoma in eight countries

Objectives Studies reporting healthcare resourse use (HRU) for melanoma, one of the most costly cancers to treat, are limited. Using consistent, robust methodology, this study estimated HRU associated with the treatment of metastatic melanoma in eight countries.

Methods Using published literature and clinician input, treatment phases were identified: active systemic treatment (pre-progression); disease progression; best supportive care (BSC)/palliative care; and terminal care. HRU elements were identified for each phase and estimates of the magnitude and frequency of use in clinical practice were obtained through country-specific Delphi panels, comprising healthcare professionals with experience in oncology (n?=?8).

Results Medical oncologists are the key care providers for patients with metastatic melanoma, although in Germany dermato-oncologists also lead care. During the active systemic treatment phase, each patient was estimated to require 0.83–2 consultations with a medical oncologist/month across countries; the median number of such assessments in 3 months was highest in Canada (range?=?3.5–5) and lowest in France, the Netherlands and Spain (1). Resource use during the disease progression phase was intensive and similar across countries: all patients were estimated to consult with medical oncologists and 10–40% with a radiation oncologist; up to 40% were estimated to require a brain MRI scan. During the BSC/palliative care phase, all patients were estimated to consult with medical oncologists, and most to consult with a primary care physician (40–100%).

Limitations Panelists were from centers of excellence, thus results may not reflect care within smaller hospitals; data obtained from experts may be less variable than data from broader clinical practice. Treatments for metastatic melanoma are continually emerging, thus some elements of our work could be superseded.

Conclusions HRU estimates were substantial and varied across countries for some resources. These data could be used with country-specific costs to elucidate costs for the management of metastatic melanoma.     

TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM STRATEGIC CONSENSUS,DEMOGRAPHIC HOMOGENEITY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A REPORT OF RESOUNDING NONFINDINGS

In this study, we hypothesized that relationships among top managers' goals consensus, means consensus, demographic homogeneity and firm performance would be positive and stronger in a stable industry environment than in a dynamic one. Utilizing a more rigorous methodology, the significant findings of earlier studies could not be replicated. Although the questions remain interesting and important ones, we believe pursuing this line of inquiry further will yield results inconsistent at best and fruitless at worst. Therefore, we urge future researchers to cautiously tread the perilous methodologic minefield that led to our nonfindings.     

基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情管理策略

群体性事件近年来的扩大趋势已成为不争盼事实,这与中国当前正在经历的深层次全方位社会变迁有关。在有关群体性事件“新特点”的研究中,以网络为代表的新技术在群体性事件的诱发、促进、形成、激化抑或化解的过程中,开始扮演令人侧目的角色和作用。在一个信息化程度不断加深的中国,在一个网络社会,如果要想深化对群体性事件的进一步认识,如果要想实现更多群体性事件由“危”到“机”的转变,决不能忽略对群体性事件网络舆情的深入分析。本文在转型社会的历史场景下,通过对群体性事件中角色冲突的深入分析,从体制层面探求其产生和发展的社会根源,进而寻求解决群体性事件的制度化整合机制与协调机制;同时,文章分析了网络舆情在社会公共空间建设以及民意代表方面的特性。在此基础上,提出了基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情中存在的问题以及基层政府应对群体事件网络舆情的管理策略,并在转型社会的秩序构建层面做出了更深入的思考。     

Qualitative valuation of environmental criteria through a group consensus based on stochastic dominance

This paper introduces a qualitative valuation method to elicit stakeholders' intensities of preferences for a complex environmental issue and multiple social groups. Environmental valuation studies have shown that in any complex environment with a diversity of environmental services, stakeholders have difficulties using a monetary valuation to make trade-offs between different environmental services. Stated preference methods such as the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) have been criticised for their individualistic format and assumptions of commensurability between environmental criteria. To alleviate both of these criticisms, we propose a qualitative valuation method. The method contains a discursive step to allow stakeholders to discuss and construct a list of environmental criteria and alternative plans. The list of criteria and plans is subsequently used by a group of experts to formulate an Impact Matrix (IM), which is to be used in the succeeding individualistic steps of the methodology. The first individualistic step consists of asking the stakeholders to rank Alternative Impacts (AIs) in the IM for each single criterion. The stakeholders are then asked to express intensities of their preferences through pairwise comparisons between the AIs of the constructed rank order on each single criterion. These intensities are expressed on a qualitative scale. Subsequently, to provide social intensities of preferences, a social preference (social rank order) is first determined for each single criterion. We propose to use the median value among the intensities of preferences as the social intensity of preference by assuming interpersonal comparability and taking into account stochastic monotonocity. This is a pre-processing step, which allows us to reach social intensities of preferences in the Lar rangeland (Iran), where several social groups have conflicting interests on rangeland services, leading to conflicting preferences on environmental criteria.     

基于模糊偏好的冲突决策共识模型研究

为了描述冲突中决策者主观判断的模糊性特点,基于冲突分析图模型研究框架,对简单偏好下的冲突决策共识理论进行系统性拓展,构建了模糊偏好下的冲突决策共识模型。将模糊理论中的梯形模糊数引入决策者的偏好设置中,对偏好信息进一步划分,给出模糊共识偏好和模糊非共识偏好的定义;为便于模糊偏好下冲突决策共识稳定解的计算和分析,定义了逻辑稳定性和矩阵稳定性表达;利用构建的冲突决策共识模型分析湄公河流域水资源冲突事件,从而得到最优解决方案。结果表明,该模型能够准确有效地解决模糊偏好下的冲突决策共识问题。     

The fallacy of Washington consensus and the role of the Government: interpreting some Chinese contributions to development policy from aspects of Chang’e 4

Students of economics may have heard of that economics, especially the kind of mainstream neoclassical economics taught in most universities on earth today, is an imitation of physical science in some fundamental fashion. However, few economists would imagine that economics can be as effective as physical science, not even in the remote future. China’s Chang’e 4 mission to the far side of the Moon provides a golden opportunity for economists to explore this fascinating possibility from the aspect of astrodynamics.

This article, inspired by thoughts of Justin Yifu Lin and Angang Hu among others regarding China’s economic reform, demonstrates that physics explaining the Three-Body Problem of classical mechanics may as well be understood as guiding principles when dealing with issues in development economics. Several aspects of ‘Washington consensus’ are examined in relation to the concerns raised by Chinese scholars. The study concludes that neoliberal interpretations of modern economics are basically inconsistent with the neoclassical framework outlined in standard economics textbooks.     

Opinions on the Tax Deductibility of Mortgages and the Consensus Effect

Summary We present the results of a survey-experiment – using a representative sample of the Dutch population – in which we relate respondents’ opinion about a restriction of the tax deductibility of mortgages to their estimates about other people’s opinions. We find a strong consensus effect; meaning that respondents’ estimates of others’ opinions are related to their own opinion. Furthermore, we find that the size of the effect is not affected by the ambiguity of the question posed. The provision of arguments pro and contra the tax provision and monetary incentives for accuracy reduce the consensus effect, but only so in conjunction. Finally, we find that house owners display a significantly stronger consensus effect. Our results suggest that both cognitive and motivational factors are responsible for the consensus effect. Aside from the consensus effect, our survey gives interesting insights into people’s opinion on tax deductibility of mortgages. A majority consider a general restriction to be unfair, but a proposal to restrict only mortgages as of a certain size meets with much more approval. We thank Marcel Das and Corrie Vis of CentERdata for their excellent support in conducting the survey-experiment and two referees of this journal and Dirk Engelmann for helpful comments. Financial support from the Faculty of Economics and Business administration is gratefully acknowledged.