电子商务环境下零售商分销渠道的选择

针对电子商务环境下的产品分销渠道,研究了由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链中零售商分销渠道的选择问题。运用主从博弈和Hotelling模型,分别建立了单一线下渠道模型和在同价策略下的双渠道模型,通过对模型的分析,给出了零售商选择不同分销渠道的条件。研究表明:制造商会积极促使零售商选择线上线下双渠道;构建线上渠道的运营成本会影响零售商的渠道选择。研究结果对零售商的渠道选择有一定的指导意义。     

一种基于顾客价值维度的满意测评基准设计方法

设计满意基准是顾客满意评测体系中的重要环节。本文以顾客价值理论为依据,探讨顾客满意与顾客价值的关系,并针对现行满意评测结果失效问题,提出了基于顾客价值维度的满意评测基准设计方法,最后以银行互动渠道的顾客价值维度建模,维度重要差异分类及基准设计实例,说明了该新方法主要实施过程。     

Bridge,Focus, Attack,or Stimulate: Retail Category Management Strategies with a Store Brand

We investigate a monopolist retailer's category management strategy where the main strategic decisions are how to horizontally position a store brand relative to the incumbent national brands and how to price the store and national brands for retail category profit maximization. We analyze a market composed of two consumer segments with differing tastes and heterogeneity with respect to willingness to pay and a product category consisting of two competing national brands and one store brand. We find that contrary to the existing literature, it is not always optimal for a retailer to position its store brand against the leading national brand; instead there are many situations where it is best to position the store brand close to the weaker national brand or to position it in the “middle” so it appeals to both national brands' target segments. In the process we identify four distinct category management strategies that a retailer can use with a store brand. In three of these the optimal store brand price is the brand's monopoly price, while in the remaining one strategy the price is lower. We also suggest an easy to implement means for a retailer to determine which strategy is best to use, depending on the particular competitive environment present before the introduction of the store brand and the relative quality of the store brand. We find that the store brand entry is most beneficial to the retailer when the national brands are moderately differentiated. Finally we show that introducing a store brand not only allows the retailer to garner a higher share of the channel profits through higher retail margins, but also often provides the retailer the benefit of increases in national brand unit sales as well as incremental sales from the store brand. JEL Classification: M310     

一种快速时变自适应信道估计盲方法

提出了一种新的信道估计最小均方(LMS)盲方法--时变步长理想加权判决信道估计盲方法.该方法通过对常规LMS算法进行改进,实现自适应跟踪信道特征变化;同时利用接收机判决误差信息函数作为权系数的理想加权判决,从而解决了常规LMS盲方法收敛速度慢、信道估计性能不高的缺点.仿真证明,对于不同的多普勒频移、时延扩展以及时间,该方法均表现出了比常规LMS方法更优的性能.同时,该方法还可用于航天、雷达等领域估计其他特征参数.     

Indigenous Peoples,Resource Extraction and Sustainable Development: An Ethical Approach

Resource extraction companies worldwide are involved with Indigenous peoples. Historically these interactions have been antagonistic, yet there is a growing public expectation for improved ethical performance of resource industries to engage with Indigenous peoples. (Crawley and Sinclair, Journal of Business Ethics 45, 361–373 (2003)) proposed an ethical model for human resource practices with Indigenous peoples in Australian mining companies. This paper expands on this work by re-framing the discussion within the context of sustainable development, extending it to Canada, and generalizing to other resource industries. We argue that it is unethical to sacrifice the viability of Indigenous cultures for industrial resource extraction; it is ethical to engage with indigenous peoples in a manner consistent with their wishes and needs as they perceive them. We apply these ideas to a case study in the coastal temperate rainforest of Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada. In this case a scientific panel comprised of Nuu-Chah-Nulth elders, forest scientists and management professionals, achieved full consensus on developing sustainable forest practice standards by drawing equally on Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and Western science in the context of one of the most heated and protracted environmental conflicts in Canadian history. The resulting sustainable forest practice standards were later adopted by leading forestry firms operating on the coast. Our analysis of this scientific panels success provides the basis for advancing an ethical approach to sustainable development with Indigenous peoples. This ethical approach is applicable to companies working in natural resource industries where the territories of Indigenous peoples are involved.David Lertzman Ph.D. is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Associate with the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies at the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. He teaches courses on Sustainable Development With Indigenous Peoples at the Graduate and Undergraduate levels, and in the MSc Program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Lertzman also teaches a Wilderness Retreat on Leadership for Sustainable Development in the MBA program. He is a private consultant and has worked in many Indigenous communities, mostly in Western Canada.Harrie Vredenburg Ph.D. is Professor and Suncor Energy Chair in Competitive Strategy and Sustainable Development at the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary where he is also Director of the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies. He teaches in Haskaynes MBA and PhD programs. He is also Academic Chair of the MSc program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean offered by the Haskayne School of Business at the Quito Ecuador campus of regional partner, the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). He regularly teaches in the Latin American program.     

货币政策的国际溢出效应与国际协调研究进展

随着世界各国经济活动关联程度的不断增强,一国货币政策变动对其他国家经济社会发展的影响越来越显著,国家间的货币政策协调也愈加重要。在此背景下,有关货币政策国际溢出效应的研究日益丰富,货币政策的国际协调也逐渐受到关注。本文对货币政策国际溢出效应及国际协调领域的现有文献进行回顾和展望。从货币政策国际溢出效应研究的发展历程来看,1990年以前相关研究主要基于开放条件下的宏观经济模型及博弈论等进行理论探讨,1990年至2000年多数研究开始借助动态随机一般均衡模型和经济计量模型探究货币政策国际溢出效应的传导机制和渠道,2000年以后越来越多的研究将理论应用于对现实经济问题的解释,其中以探讨中心国家货币政策的国际溢出效应为主。从货币政策国际溢出效应的研究方法来看,相关研究大多通过控制货币政策的内生变化来获取货币政策的外生冲击,主流研究方法也逐渐从基于MFD模型的纯理论分析转向基于VAR系列模型的实证分析和具有一致性框架的DSGE模型分析。从货币政策国际溢出效应的传导渠道来看,早期文献大多认为汇率和贸易是主要渠道,随着全球经济金融一体化的推进,金融渠道的作用日益凸显,且比汇率渠道和贸易渠道传导更加迅速、后果更为严重,并逐渐成为近些年研究的重点。由于货币政策的国际协调在实践中存在一定难度以及经济下行压力较大下的货币政策调整空间较小,目前关于货币政策国际协调的研究相对较少,而且相关研究的观点并不统一。大部分学者认为随着世界经济联动趋势的不断增强,货币政策国际协调是必然趋势并有利于各国经济发展,而部分学者认为政策协调需要花费大量的时间和政治成本,货币政策的国际协调应慎重。现有研究已经取得丰硕成果,但仍需进一步深化和拓展：一是大多数文献仅考察中心国家货币政策对外围国家（新兴经济体）的单向溢出效应,有必要进一步考察货币政策的双向国际溢出效应;二是关于金融渠道的研究还不够完善,尤其是对货币政策不确定性冲击、全球金融风险传递等的研究较少,相关研究需要深化;三是关于货币政策国际协调的研究较少且观点不统一,尤其是对政策协调的有效路径缺乏系统研究,相关研究有待加强。中国学者应加强该领域的研究,尤其要在中国货币政策的国际溢出效应及其传导渠道、应对国外货币政策溢出效应的有效政策工具、促进货币政策的国际协调等方面取得突破。     

适用于Rayleigh衰落信道的一种新型MMSE接收机

智能天线中一般的MMSE接收机缺乏有效跟踪Rayleigh衰落信道变化的机制。在分析了MMSE接收机在Rayleigh信道中的特点之后，提出了一种新型的MMSE接收机。计算机仿真结果表明，此接收机性能较好，适用于Rayleigh衰落信道。     

Brand Loyalty Versus Store Loyalty: Consumers’ Role in Determining Dependence Structure of Supplier–Retailer Dyads

Purpose: This article aims to integrate consumers into a channel dependence framework and explores the influence of consumers’ brand loyalty and store loyalty on the dependence structure within the supplier–retailer relationship. It also examines effects of the dependence structure on perceived conflict.

Methodology/approach: The authors test the proposed triadic relationship model among department store, supplier, and consumer by collecting matched data from both retailers and consumers in a Chinese retailing channel of sports and leisure apparel. Polynomial regression in conjunction with a response surface analysis (RSA) approach is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The results indicate that consumers’ brand loyalty positively affects retailer’s dependence on supplier, while consumers’ store loyalty positively affects supplier’s dependence on retailer. In addition, the retailer’s dependence is higher when consumers’ brand loyalty is higher than store loyalty; the supplier’s dependence is higher when consumers’ store loyalty is higher than brand loyalty; and the retailer’s dependence increases with the increase of both consumers’ brand and store loyalty when consumers’ brand and store loyalty are equal. Moreover, supplier’s dependence has a negative linear effect on retailer’s perceived conflict, whereas retailer’s dependence has an inverted U-shape effect on perceived conflict. A retailer would perceive more conflict when the retailer is relatively more dependent on the supplier; but the symmetrical interdependence has no significant effect on retailer perceived conflict.

Research implications: Researchers are encouraged to explore channel behaviors from a network perspective. Consumers, in particular, should be included in research frameworks related to channel dependence and behaviors. Suggestions for further research on the effects of dependence on the conflict are also proposed.

Originality/value/contribution: This study goes beyond the dyadic paradigm by integrating consumers into the framework of the channel dependence structure. It develops and tests a mechanism of consumers’ brand and store loyalty influencing dependence structure within a supplier–retailer dyad. It also enriches the literature of channel conflict by exploring the effects of retailer and supplier unilateral dependence on retailer perceived conflict with RSA methods.

Practical implications: The article provides several insightful implications for managers in understanding and managing interdependence structure in business-to-business marketing, especially in supplier–retailer relationships.     

WTO棉花争议案中交叉报复的研究

鉴于中国与贸易伙伴贸易摩擦的增多,深入研究WTO争端解决机制及案例对加入世贸不久的中国来说,如何更好地利用WTO争端解决机制具有重要意义。对交叉报复和对报复要求仲裁的理解是对WTO争端解决机制进行深入研究的两个重要方面。