Heterogeneity in the determinants of length of stay across middle age and senior age groups in thermal tourism

ABSTRACT

Water has been seen as a healing source of life for centuries. Even the placebo effect of thermal therapies increases consumers’ well-being. Especially with easy traveling options demand for thermal therapies are on the rise. Users of thermal therapies are mostly composed of seniors. Even though age groups in the senior market have heterogeneous needs, managers assume them to be homogenous. Measuring thermal tourism demand by the length of stay, this study analyzed the determinants affecting the length of stay of older thermal tourists. The length of stay is predicted to have been affected by age, purchasing power, physical distance, and seasonal preferences. Even though all of the above have an effect on the length of stay, we find that age is the main determinant deciding the duration. These results may serve as a starting point for policymakers and tourism managers to tailor strategies to increase income streams associated with length of stay.     

Difference in rural and urban driver-injury severities in highway–rail grade crossing accidents

Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, there were 25,945 highway–rail crossing accidents in the United States between 2002 and 2011. With an extensive research, analysis results showed that there were substantial differences between rural and urban areas at highway–rail grade crossings. However, there is no published study specific on driver's injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings classified by area types. Using an ordered probit modelling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver-injury severity at rural highway–rail grade crossings compared with urban highway–rail grade crossings. The analysis found that motor vehicle driver's injury level at rural highway–rail grade crossing is extremely higher than urban area. Compared to collisions at urban area, collisions happened at rural area tend to result in more severe injuries. These crashes were more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at a high speed or the oncoming trains are high-speed. Moreover, highway–rail grade crossing accidents were more likely to occur at rural area without pavement and lighting.     

Optimizing or maximizing growth? A challenge for sustainable tourism

Virtually all destinations seek to increase tourist numbers, pursuing economic maximization strategies. Considerably less attention is paid to optimizing existing tourist systems to create more profitable, stable, resilient and potentially more sustainable entities. While aspects of tourist expenditure, average length of stay and seasonality as three key destination management variables have received considerable attention in the literature, focus has usually been on the identification of “profitable” tourism markets by considering observed patterns of spending, length of stay and vacation timing. Building on such earlier studies, this paper focuses on flexibilities in these parameters: could tourists have spent more, stayed longer or visited during a different season? Perceptions of destination expensiveness as a potential deterrent to visitation were also addressed. Based on a sample (n = 1914) of domestic and international tourists in the Swedish cities of Kalmar and Stockholm, data were collected in face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. Results indicate considerable potential to optimize the Swedish tourism system with regard to all variables studied, while also providing new insights for destination management in the context of economic resilience. Results also indicate the need for researchers everywhere to have detailed market knowledge if they are to persuade the industry to change its sustainability behavior.     

仿真技术在物流配送中的实际应用

为了使物流配送成本降低到最少,现利用仿真技术（extendsim6.0版）来实现物流配送作业中资源的合理利用和优化,从而降低作业成本。通过建立仿真模型,并多次的运行后输出数据,如：平均队长（Ave length）、平均等待时间（AveWait）以及每个资源的有效利用率（Utilization）。对以上数据进行分析和研究进而设计出最优的资源利用及合理分配的方案。     

服务外包与产业链长度：来自中国的经验证据*

本文参考Antrs et al（2012）方法，利用中国1997年、2002年、2007年、2012年和2017年投入产出表测度30个省份17个细分行业的产业链长度，并在此基础上分析服务外包对延伸产业链长度的作用。实证结果表明：第一，从整体上看，服务外包对我国产业链长度攀升具有显著促进作用，服务外包每提高10%，可以促进我国产业链长度提升062%。第二，从细分类型的服务外包看，交通仓储外包对产业链长度延伸的促进作用最大。第三，分地区研究发现，服务外包对中部地区产业链长度提升最大，其次是西部地区，东部地区最小。第四，分行业后发现，服务外包对制造业和服务业产业链长度均有提升作用，但是对服务业促进作用是制造业的近2.7倍。     

商业银行公司金融产品组合营销深化研究

我国商业银行的竞争模式正在从简单的产品扩张向提供深入服务的方向转化,对组合营销这种有效的竞争手段的深化将大大有利于商业银行提升营销层次,提高自身竞争力。作者在总结分析的基础上,提出了公司金融产品进行组合营销深化的基本理念、基本方法和基本策略,以及基于RAROC的组合营销风险考虑方法。本文在分析了阻碍我国商业银行进行组合营销深化的基本因素后,对进一步实施组合营销的深化提出了建议。     

泥岩顶底板巷道松动圈范围的确定

研究了确定霍州煤电集团辛置矿310轨道巷松动圈的范围的方法,为的合理长度长度确定以及注浆加固围岩注浆孔深度的确定提供了数据基础。介绍了松动圈测定的基本原理和测试方法。     

进城时长、示范效应与乡城移民家庭消费结构

本文利用2007年家庭收入项目调查数据（CHIP2007）考察在人口城镇化进程中进城务工家庭消费结构是否以及如何随进城时间长短而变化。结果发现：在控制其他影响因素的情况下,乡城移民家庭消费结构与进城时长之间存在非线性关系,进城时间越长,家庭消费结构层级越高,但边际影响是递减的;此外,家庭收入是影响乡城移民家庭消费结构的主要因素;户主的性别、婚姻状况和工作所在行业种类将显著影响乡城移民家庭的消费结构。分位数回归法估计结果表明家庭消费结构与进城时长之间的非线性关系是稳健的。     

Detecting the relationship between competitive intensity and firm product line length: Evidence from the worldwide mobile phone industry

The way firms lengthen or shorten their product line with respect to rivals is regarded as one of the possible strategies firms can pursue to respond to competition. This article builds and tests hypotheses to study the effect of different levels of competitive intensity on product line length. The empirical analysis of data on 3,527 handset models introduced by 66 mobile phone vendors from 1994 to 2010 shows a consistent inverse U‐shaped relationship between competitive intensity and the firm's product line length. In this way, we pinpoint an interesting link between the product line extension literature and the competitive dynamics and competitive intensity perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

城乡建设用地空间格局分析——以沈阳市为例

基于2005年沈阳市土地利用现状年度变更调查数据,利用等步长等距离缓冲区分析法和等步长等面积缓冲区分析法分析了沈阳市城乡结合部建设用地的空间格局。结果表明:(1)随着步长的增加城乡建设用地面积逐渐减少,城乡建设用地呈聚集效应发展;(2)改进方法精度更高,符合性更好,在实际应用中切实可行。