论民事执行标的——商标权

本文通过对“小肥羊”商标纠纷案的分析，结合现存有关法律法规的规定，阐述了在我国市场经济形势下，有关商标违法行为的认定和商标权作为民事执行标的的行性及特殊性，以及实践操作过程中常见的几个问题和解决办法。     

中美贸易差额不断扩大的原因:一个综述

本文对解释中美贸易差额不断扩大的几种原因——人民币定值过低、中国市场不够开放、产业转移、中美两国经济内部发展失衡与不合理的国际货币体系——作了简短的评述,分析了中美贸易差额不断扩大的真正原因,认为中美贸易差额不断扩大虽有其合理性和必然性,但是我国贸易政策和人民币汇率政策仍必须进行改革。     

推行预约定价制,有效遏制跨国公司利用关联交易避税

预约定价制以事先确认制度代替了传统转让定价的事后调整制度。由于其无以比拟的优点,预约定价制成为近年来转让定价税制中发展最快的一个领域。我国由于跨国公司滥用转让定价所造成的损失非常严重,因此,应参考发达国家的预约定价规则和做法,制定适合我国国情的预约定价制度,并全面推行之,以有效遏制跨国公司利用关联交易避税行为。     

积极财政政策的可持续性分析

本文分别从当前宏观经济形势、我国政府债务风险和公共部门投资的挤出效应三个方面考察了我国积极财政政策的可持续性。认为我国当前的经济形势下 ,积极财政政策的淡出还为时尚早 ;我国单纯的国债风险并不高 ,但是我国政府的综合债务风险却相当大 ,控制我国综合债务风险的关键是控制存量 ;我国公共部门对民间投资的挤出效应不明显 ,当前民间投资不活跃的主要原因是另一种“挤出效应” ,即对民间投资的歧视和限制 ,要改变这种情况的主要方法是改革     

论公平就业立法是创建和谐社会的重要举措

我国目前劳动力市场竞争激烈,劳动者处于弱势地位,加之国家对用人单位并无明确具体的公平就业法律规定,因此,各类不公平就业现象出现,为构建和谐社会设置了一道人为障碍。在市场经济条件下,法律法规才是规范行为、获得合法权益的最有效保障。     

日本企业的海外投资与经验借鉴

同中国一样,日本企业进行海外投资也是一个渐进的过程。随着投资规模的不断扩大,日本企业积累了丰富的海外运营经验。本文依据投资规模将日本企业海外投资的过程划分为七个阶段,通过分析各阶段日本企业跨国经营的动因和特点,总结日本企业海外投资的成功做法,希望能够为正在实施“走出去”战略的中国企业提供借鉴。     

汇率制度选择理论的回顾与展望

汇率制度选择一直是国际金融领域备受关注的一个问题.文章对汇率制度选择的研究方法及视角进行了总结,并对传统的汇率制度选择理论和汇率制度的新进展进行了论述,进而对未来汇率制度选择的研究进行了展望.认为:由于存在"恐浮",应该依据实际实行的汇率制度而不是官方宣布的汇率制度进行研究;从动态角度进行汇率制度转换的研究也是很重要的发展方向;应该对中间与两极汇率制度进行统一的界定,建立支持或反对"中空论"的严格理论框架.     

基于挤出效应的住房保障规模对商品住房价格的影响

中国房地产市场中保障性住房的角色和作用愈加重要,保障性住房建设规模正在逐年扩大.商品住房价格变化是供给需求作用的结果,但是随着保障房供给规模的增加,商品住房价格的涨幅也会发生改变,说明保障房的供给规模会对普通商品房的供需产生影响.本文以北京市商品住房市场为例,选取住宅需求、住宅供给、住房投机对价格的影响为自变量,住宅价格为因变量,利用多元回归模型对商品住房价格变化进行实证研究,同时通过考虑保障房供给对住房市场产生的不同挤出效应,分析保障房供给规模供需变化对房价产生的影响,进而为政府制定相关的住房保障政策提供建议和对策.     

Do development projects crowd-out private sector activities? Evidence from contract farming participation in Northern Ghana

Contract farming (CF) is attractive as a possible private sector-led strategy for improving market coordination and smallholder farmers’ welfare. At the same time, governmental and non-governmental development projects aimed at improving farmers’ welfare continue to be organized. It is not uncommon for CF activities and development projects to take place in the same communities. Yet so far there is no evidence on how development projects affect CF activities. We examine factors affecting entry in and exit from different maize CF schemes in Northern Ghana, and focus specifically on the role of development projects. We find that the presence of agricultural development projects in the community is associated with lower scheme entry, but this not the case for non-agricultural projects. CF exit is more strongly associated with maize projects, but not significantly with non-maize or non-agricultural projects. Thus, our findings do not support concerns of a general moral hazard problem arising from the presence of any development project, but indicate possible negative associations of more closely related agricultural or maize projects with maize CF participation.     

Sovereign debt markets in turbulent times: Creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects

In 2007, countries in the euro zone periphery were enjoying stable growth, low deficits, and low spreads. Then the financial crisis erupted and pushed them into deep recessions, raising their deficits and debt levels. By 2010, they were facing severe debt problems. Spreads increased and, surprisingly, so did the share of the debt held by domestic creditors. Credit was reallocated from the private sector to the public sector, reducing investment and deepening the recessions even further. To account for these facts, we propose a simple model of sovereign risk in which debt can be traded in secondary markets. The model has two key ingredients: creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects. Creditor discrimination arises because, in turbulent times, sovereign debt offers a higher expected return to domestic creditors than to foreign ones. This provides incentives for domestic purchases of debt. Crowding-out effects arise because private borrowing is limited by financial frictions. This implies that domestic debt purchases displace productive investment. The model shows that these purchases reduce growth and welfare, and may lead to self-fulfilling crises. It also shows how crowding-out effects can be transmitted to other countries in the euro zone, and how they may be addressed by policies at the European level.