“五位一体”教学法及其在电子商务专业教学中的应用

“五位一体”的教学模式是为适应现代社会对经济管理类人才培养的要求而提出的一种新的教学理念和方法。本文系统地阐述了“五位一体”教学模式的内容及其内涵,并结合该教学模式在电子商务专业教学中的具体应用,就“五位一体”教学法的实质及其现实意义进行了深入的分析。     

西部物流产业发展中的政府宏观调控

在入世的背景下，物流日益得到了全社会和各企业的高度重视，这不仅符合现代经济的发展趋势，也是值得我国大力发展的领域。但是，与此同时，我们也应看到，现代物流产业的发展决不是一件简单的事情，也并非一蹴而就，它是经济发展到一定程度，在政府的宏观调控下以及企业的积极实践和不断努力的结果。因此，在西部物流产业的发展中，政府应当发挥其重要的规划、引导、协调作用，使西部物流管理水平得到极大提高，使西部物流实现现代化。     

浅谈现代企业的财务管理目标

企业财务管理目标（又称企业理财目标），是财务管理的一个基本理论问题，也是评价企业理财活动是否合理有效的标准。目前，我国企业理财的目标有多种，其中利润最大化、股东权益最大化或企业价值最大化等目标最具有影响力和代表性。笔者认为现代财务管理目标应是体现相关者利益的企业价值最大。     

探索新形势下做好思想政治工作的新方法

探索新形势下做好思想政治工作的新方法是一项长期的任务 ,要按照人们思想形成和变化的规律 ,坚持科学的方法论 ,把思想政治工作做得扎扎实实 ,富有成效。     

中国共产党领导下的百年审计事业发展与作用发挥

中国共产党自1921年建党以来,就一直高度重视审计在党的事业发展中的重要角色。审计事业在百年党史中获得蓬勃发展,并且在党和国家事业发展不同阶段中发挥了重要作用。审计在新时代背景下应对现存问题做出进一步改革,从而更好地发挥审计在国家治理中的监督作用。     

Group Selection and the Limits to Altruism

Several evolutionary mechanisms have been identified in the literature that would generate altruism in humans. The most powerful (except for kin selection) and most controversial is group selection, as recently analyzed by Sober & D.S. Wilson. I do not take a stand on the issue of the existence of group selection. Instead, I examine the level of human altruism that could exist if group selection were an engine of human evolution. For the Sober & Wilson mechanism to work, groups practicing altruism must grow faster than other groups. I call altruistic behavior that would lead to faster growth efficient altruism. This often consists of cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma. ltruistic acts such as helping a temporarily hungry or injured person would qualify as efficient altruism. Efficient altruism would also require monitoring recipients to avoid shirking. Utilitarianism would be an ethical system consistent with efficient altruism, but Marxism or the Rawlsian system would not. Discussions of efficient altruism also help understand intuitions about fairness. We perceive those behaviors as fair that are consistent with efficient altruism. It is important to understand that, even if humans are selected to be altruistic, the forms of altruism that might exist must be carefully considered and ircumscribed.     

The optimal portfolio for the two-pillar mandatory pension system: the case of Poland

In the recent decade, there has been observed across the Central and Eastern European states the regulatory trend towards the increase of the non-financial (first) pension pillar size at the expense of the financial (second) pillar. It tends to question the consequences of this shift for the future retirement benefits. Applying the portfolio approach we address this issue by running a series of simulations to find out how to allocate pension contributions between both pillars in an optimal way. Our study contributes to the existing literature as follows. First, we do not perform the assessment of the predetermined regulatory solutions, but we look for an optimal one. Moreover, we allow our optimal rule to be time-varying, if necessary, which would be a true novelty in this research area. Second, we do not base our estimates on historical trends; rather, we apply the long-term economy’s projection to account for the society’s ageing impact, which is a crucially important factor for the solvency of the pension system. Adapting some of the simulation assumptions to fit the Polish case, our results confirm that current regulations underestimate the role of the capital pillar and the optimal allocation between both pillars should be time-varying.     

A note on the projection properties of Hadamard matrices obtained by the first Payley construction

We show that the projections on four factors of an arbitrary orthogonal array of strength 2 allow the estimation of main effects and two-factor interactions when all other effects are assumed to be zero, if those projections satisfy the bounds given by Weils theorem. The only exceptions are the Hadamard matrices of orders 16 and 24. A consequence is again the estimability of main effects and two-factor interactions for the projections on four factors of the first Payley construction for arbitrary run size.     

论加强高职大学生的职业道德教育

高职院校培养学生良好的职业道德是体现高职教育特色,提高高职院校办学质量的重要举措.高职院校职业道德教育,必须从学生成长成才阶段的实际情况出发,把社会对人才的要求与高职学生成长的特点结合起来,建立完善的教育内容体系,通过多渠道多途径使之得以实施.思想政治理论课是大学生思想道德教育的主阵地,实习实训、专业知识课等都承载着职业道德教育的任务.     

How many voters are needed for paradoxes?

Summary. This paper presents a general procedure for finding profiles with the minimum number of voters required for many important paradoxes. Borda's and Condorcet's classic examples are revisited as well as generalizations. Using Saari's procedure line, we obtain an upper bound for the minimum number of voters needed for a profile for which the Condorcet winner is not strictly top ranked for all weighted positional procedures. Also we give a simple upper bound on the minimum number of voters needed for a set of prescribed voting outcomes. In contrast to situations wherein small numbers of voters are needed, we consider paradoxes requiring arbitrarily large numbers of voters as well as large numbers of alternatives. Finally we indicate connections with statistical rank based tests. Received: April 18, 2001; revised version: May 25, 2001