A MULTINOMIAL APPROXIMATION FOR AMERICAN OPTION PRICES IN LÉVY PROCESS MODELS

This paper gives a tree-based method for pricing American options in models where the stock price follows a general exponential Lévy process. A multinomial model for approximating the stock price process, which can be viewed as generalizing the binomial model of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (1979) for geometric Brownian motion, is developed. Under mild conditions, it is proved that the stock price process and the prices of American-type options on the stock, calculated from the multinomial model, converge to the corresponding prices under the continuous time Lévy process model. Explicit illustrations are given for the variance gamma model and the normal inverse Gaussian process when the option is an American put, but the procedure is applicable to a much wider class of derivatives including some path-dependent options. Our approach overcomes some practical difficulties that have previously been encountered when the Lévy process has infinite activity.     

THE JOINT ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE PROCESS FOR THE M/M/l QUEUE

We consider the M/M/1-queue and derive an explicit expression for the joint distribution of the number of arrivals and the number of departures in [0, t), given the number of customers initially present. The derivation is almost purely combinatorial, it avoids the use of generating functions, and immediately yields a simple probabilistic interpretation of the result.     

The Impact of a Third-Party Assurance Seal in Customer Purchasing Intention

ABSTRACT

Although e-commerce is evolving at an incredible speed, asymmetric information and opportunism have increased online purchasing risks and market inefficiencies. The lack of face-to-face contact and the inability of the customer to touch and feel tangible products necessitate that online business must provide customers with reliable information and convince customers of their trustworthiness. While the research on Third-Party Assurance Seals (TPAS) is not new, the effectiveness of TPAS has not been persuasively addressed by empirical studies. Our study is different from previous efforts in that it is comprehensive because it combines consumer trust, perceived risk, and influences of TPAS in the B2C e-commerce context. The results of the study show that (1) the effects of TPAS on perceived risk are channeled through perceived trustworthiness, thus demonstrating the mediating role of perceived trustworthiness in B2C e-commerce, (2) perceived risk, perceived usefulness of website, and subjective norm appear to be significant predictors of intention to purchase from the website, (3) a third-party assurance seal strongly affects online shoppers' perceived trustworthiness toward online retailers, while the seal appears to have little effect on perceived risk directly; perceived risk is strongly associated with intention to purchase from the website.     

成功实施六西格玛的若干因素探析

六西格玛是追求完美的管理哲学,它在应用中的首要问题是对其正确的理解,其次是甄别影响六西格玛成功实施的主要因素,文章分析了实施过程中常见的问题及原因。     

农民工社会认同的形成——基于建筑业农民工的考察

农民工的社会认同关系到这个群体城市融入的问题。依据对建筑业农民工群体实地考察和问卷调查,探讨社会结构和制度安排如何建构了农民工群体的归属感问题。对社会认同的研究不仅要关注宏观制度结构因素对群体的身份地位的作用和影响,还应从微观的角度,分析制度设置是如何建构成员对群体的依附、归属并建构出群体边界的问题。只有改善农民工的劳动条件,提高他们的保障水平,这个群体才有可能融入城市。     

论数据仓库技术在CRM中的意义及其应用

在客户资源越来越受重视的今天,客户关系管理（CRM）作为一种＂以客户为中心＂的营销理念,正被越来越多的企业所采用。而随着客户数据的不断扩充和膨胀,要求有一种更为有效的工具对这些数据进行采集和管理,这一有效手段就是数据仓库技术。文章论述了数据仓库的内涵及其对CRM的重要意义,并对如何运用数据仓库技术为CRM服务提出了一些看法和见解。     

基于模糊层次的商标价值评估方法研究

基于商标价值的时效性、不确定性和模糊性等特征,本文分析了影响商标价值的主要因素,在此基础上构建商标价值评估指标体系,应用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,再尝试将模糊综合评价法应用于商标价值评估,以期为企业商标价值评估提供一种新思路。     

基于CRM理念的企业电子商务实施

通过CRM理念指导企业电子商务实施，帮助企业建立更加完善的客户关系，提高客户满意度，进而提高企业核心竞争力。本文从CRM理念和CRM软件两方面阐述CRM理论并分析电子商务与CRM之间的关系。研究如何以CRM理念指导企业电子商务的实施，并针对实施的不同阶段提出相应的措施。