Towards a classification of marine wildlife crime: Marketing strategies to curtail illegal fishing,malicious acts,and waterway pollution

Much effort has been dedicated to fighting wildlife crime with modest results. This paper focuses on marine wildlife crime, which suffers from a certain level of neglect due to terrestrial bias (a predominant focus on land animals). Despite legislative and enforcement efforts, there has been little integration of marketing techniques to curtail marine wildlife crime. For these reasons, we set out to study current issues surrounding marine wildlife crime by conducting interviews with three experts in areas of marine education, research, and legislation. The interviews provide an overview of the threats to marine wildlife, aid in the development of a classification of marine wildlife crime, and provide strategies as to what marketing actions may be useful to reduce it.     

沥青玛蹄脂碎石路面初期抗滑性能影响因素

SMA混合料具备优良的高温稳定性与耐久性能被广泛应用于重载交通道路,但是由于其沥青用量大、填料多的材料特征,导致施工难度高、早期抗滑水平偏低.为改善SMA路面早期抗滑性能,基于广东省高速公路SMA路面,开展施工环节的关键工艺研究,并系统分析主要因素对路面抗滑性能的影响.结果表明,对SMA沥青混合料的拌制、摊铺、碾压环节的施工温度和关键技术进行控制,可以保证混合料的施工质量,减少施工离析与温度离析.油石比、纤维用量对构造深度的影响最大,随着沥青油石比增加、纤维用量增大,构造深度明显变小;增加胶轮碾压会出现构造深度小幅下降,改变沥青种类对初期构造深度影响不大.使用颗粒状纤维、增加纤维用量、降低油石比有助于提高横向力系数,使用胶轮碾压工艺反而降低路面横向力系数,而沥青种类对初期横向力系数影响不大.     

基于同轴电缆的移动信号室内深度覆盖系统设计与实现

针对移动信号室内深度覆盖需求和现有覆盖方案存在的问题，提出了一种以有线电视同轴电缆为入户通道的射频系统。分析了系统原理和几个关键问题，计算了系统各项设计参数，阐述了合路器、跨路器和智能终端三个主要部分的结构及阻抗匹配滤波、同步、放大等关键模块的实现方法。实地测试结果表明，系统各项指标符合设计和应用要求，实现了160 m2高层住宅的信号覆盖，提高了小区测量报告（MR）覆盖率，同时对移动室分系统性能也无影响。所提方案与现有方案相比具有低成本、施工快速、协调简单等优势，是一种新颖实用的室内深度覆盖实现方式。     

What drives customers’ post-purchase price search intention in the context of online price matching guarantees

Using a research model based on customer value theory, this study investigates the determinants of customer post-purchase price comparison searches in the context of online price-matching guarantees (PMG). Data collected from 222 eligible respondents are tested against the proposed research model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate two PMG characteristics, refund length and refund scope, influence utilitarian benefit (i.e., refund depth) and hedonic benefit (i.e., playfulness). These two benefits subsequently contribute to customer perceived value, which leads to price search intentions. This study pioneers the exploration of online PMGs and the determinants of customer post-purchase price search intentions. Several important theoretical and practical implications can be drawn from the findings to guide online retailers’ PMG strategies.     

Liquidity in auction and specialist market structures: Evidence from the Italian bourse

Several studies find that bid-ask spreads for stocks listed on the NYSE are lower than for stocks listed on NASDAQ. While this suggests that specialist market structures provide greater liquidity than competing dealer markets, the nature of trading on the NYSE, which comprises a specialist competing with limit order flow, obfuscates the comparison. In 2001, a structural change was implemented on the Italian Bourse. Many stocks that traded in an auction market switched to a specialist market, where the specialist controls order flow. Results confirm that liquidity is significantly improved when stocks commence trading in the specialist market. Analysis of the components of the bid-ask spread reveal that the adverse selection component of the spread is significantly reduced. This evidence suggests that specialist market structures provide greater liquidity to market participants.     

A core-theoretic solution for the design of cooperative agreements on transfrontier pollution

For a simple economic model of transfrontier pollution, widely used in theoretical studies of international treaties bearing on joint abatement, we offer in this paper a scheme for sharing national abatement costs through international financial transfers that is inspired by a classical solution concept from the theory of cooperative games—namely, the core of a game. The scheme has the following properties: total damage and abatement costs in all countries are minimized (optimality property), and no coalition or subset of countries can achieve lower total costs for its members by taking another course of action in terms of emissions or transfers, under some reasonable assumption about the reactions of those not in the coalition (core property). In the concluding section economic interpretations of the scheme are proposed, including its connection with the free-riding problem.     

Time-Varying Arrival Rates of Informed and Uninformed Trades

We propose a dynamic econometric microstructure model of trading,and we investigate how the dynamics of trades and trade compositioninteract with the evolution of market liquidity, market depth,and order flow. We estimate a bivariate generalized autoregressiveintensity process for the arrival rates of informed and uninformedtrades for 16 actively traded stocks over 15 years of transactiondata. Our results show that both informed and uninformed tradesare highly persistent, but that the uninformed arrival forecastsrespond negatively to past forecasts of the informed intensity.Our estimation generates daily conditional arrival rates ofinformed and uninformed trades, which we use to construct forecastsof the probability of information-based trade (PIN). These forecastsare used in turn to forecast market liquidity as measured bybid-ask spreads and the price impact of orders. We observe thatPINs vary across assets and over time, and most importantlythat they are correlated across assets. Our analysis shows thatone principal component explains much of the daily variationin PINs and that this systemic liquidity factor may be importantfor asset pricing. We also find that PINs tend to rise beforeearnings announcement days and decline afterwards.     

温拌沥青混合料抗水损坏性能试验研究

Evotherm DAT—H5及SAK两种温拌沥青混合料的抗水损坏性能试验结果表明．其TSR指标均刚刚满足规范要求。通过采用水泥或消石灰替换矿粉的方法．可以明显提高SAK温拌沥青混合料抗水损坏性能，但是对Evotherm温拌沥青混合料而言，情况却相反，应用时须根据实际情况正确选择提高温拌沥青混合料抗水损坏性能的方法。     

Importance of early snowfall for Swedish ski resorts: Evidence based on monthly data

Since the early 1970s, Sweden has experienced an almost uninterrupted surge in demand for downhill skiing. However, from the 2009/2010 season, lift ticket sales have stagnated. With the use of monthly data, this study investigates the role of snow depth and economic factors in the demand for downhill skiing in Sweden. The empirical approach is based on a seemingly unrelated regression model, allowing snow conditions, but not economic factors to differ during the season. The estimates show that an early season increase in natural snow depth by 10 cm raises the growth rate of lift ticket sales by 9 percentage points in the same period. Further, the results indicate that downhill skiing is characterised by low income and price elasticities, implying weak impacts on demand for such changes. The price increase of lift tickets exceeds that of the inflation rate. The recent decline in demand might indicate changed leisure preferences.     

Too big to fail in banking: What does it mean?

Interest in too big to fail (TBTF) resolutions of insolvent large complex financial firms has intensified in recent years. TBTF resolutions protect some in-the-money counterparties of a targeted insolvent firm from losses that they would suffer if the usual bankruptcy resolution regimes used in resolving other firms in the industry were applied. Although special TBTF resolution regimes may reduce the collateral spill-over costs of the failure, the combined direct and indirect costs from such “bailouts” may be large and often financed in part or in total by taxpayers. Thus, TBTF has become a major public policy issue that has not been resolved in part because of disagreements about definitions and thereby the estimates of the benefits and costs. This paper explores these differences and develops a framework for standardizing the definitions and evaluating the desirability of TBTF resolutions more accurately.