表面缺陷机器视觉在线检测技术分析与研究

表面缺陷检测是产品质量保证体系中必不可少且极其重要的一个环节。基于机器视觉成像方法的表面检测技术已经成为物体表面在线检测的一个革新手段。本文对该项检测手段进行了技术分析,并给出了LED光源设计、表面缺陷视觉成像的研究方法。     

论品牌逆淘汰现象及其治理

品牌逆淘汰不仅给消费者带来了巨大的经济损失,更给经济秩序和社会风尚造成了极大的负面影响。品牌逆淘汰是市场经济中违反正常竞争规则、违背协议道德的非理性行为,往往表现为品牌失信。它源于市场竞争规制失范,协议道德失守,也受制于社会的潜规则。要根治品牌逆淘汰,除了强化政府对商业环境的治理,重塑合理的、有序的"竞争空间",还要全社会共同努力,净化社会风尚。     

Analyzing driving factors of land values in urban scale based on big data and non-linear machine learning techniques

Land value plays a vital role in the real estate market. It is a critical reference for urban planners to reallocate land resources and introduce valid policies. Studying the influential factors on land value can help better understand the spatial-temporal variation of land values and design effective control policies. This attracted a number of scholars to study the spatial and temporal relationships between land value and its possible influential factors from the perspective of macro and micro. However, the majority of the existing studies have the problems of linear assumption and multicollinearity in research models. Limited features and the lack of feature selection procedure are another two commonly seen limitations. To overcome the gaps, this paper adopts non-linear machine learning (ML) methods to investigate the influential factors on land values per square foot based on “big data” in New York City. More than one thousand potential factors are considered, covering from the land attribute, point of interest, demographics, housing, to economic, education, and social. They are further selected using a feature extraction model named Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Six ML algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Multi Linear Regression (MLR), Linear Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Regression are evaluated and compared. The optimal one with an R-square value of 0.933 is used to calculate the feature importance further. Several important impact features are disclosed, including the number of newsstands, and the vacant housing percentage.     

邯黄铁路路基病害成因与防治

本文从理论与实践结合的角度上分析了邯黄铁路路基病害产生的原因,提出了相应的整治措施,具有一定的针对性和可操作性。     

试论纳税申报瑕疵修正

申报纳税是现代税收国家普遍采用的一种税收征收方式,我国税收征管法也规定了纳税申报制度。税收是公法之债,纳税人与国家居于平等的法律地位。因此,纳税人不仅有依法纳税的义务,更有主动申报纳税以确定税收之债具体内容的权利,在发现纳税申报瑕疵之后,也有权利对之进行修正。本文通过阐述纳税申报瑕疵修正的理论基础,借鉴其他国家的先进制度,探讨我国纳税申报瑕疵修正如何完善,以期贯彻税收平等理念,保护纳税人在税收征收中的权利,提高税收效率。     

应收账款质押的配套制度缺失及其对策：银行视角

在社会各界的大力推动下,《物权法》首次在法律层面上明确规定应收账款可以出质,解决了中小企业不能提供合法担保物的困境,也为银行开展应收账款质押贷款业务扫清了法律障碍。中国人民银行颁布的《应收账款质押登记办法》为应收账款质押登记提供了具体操作依据。然而,我国有关应收账款质押的配套制度尚不完善。本文以银行为视角,对应收账款质押的配套制度缺失问题,进行深入、系统性的梳理与分析,并就完善我国应收账款质押制度提出了对策建议。     

Randomization in the Design of Experiments

A general review is given of the role of randomization in experimental design. Three objectives are distinguished, the avoidance of bias, the establishment of a secure base for the estimation of error in traditional designs, and the provision of formally exact tests of significance and confidence limits. The approximate randomization theory associated with analysis of covariance is outlined and conditionality considerations are used to explain the limited role of randomization in experiments with very small numbers of experimental units. The relation between the so-called design-based and model-based analyses is discussed. Corresponding results in sampling theory are mentioned briefly.     

城市治理中地方政府行为偏差的机制分析

随着社会转型、市场化和城市化的发展,城市治理中地方政府行为偏差的弊端日益突出.由于行为主体的复合性、利益差异化、动机逆向差序以及地方政府在城市治理中表现出的自我扩张、追求趋同、过度畸形的"行政区行政"状况以及沉没成本巨大、过度负债、短期化与表面化问题的出现.导致了社会冲突的增多.激励不相容、信息不对称和约束力量不足等严重的运行机制缺陷是其行为偏差频出的主要根源.矫正地方政府行为,必须建立科学有效的城市治理运行机制,突出政府行为的隐性成本和政绩的外延成本,实现城市治理主体的信息资源共享,拓宽公众利益保障渠道,硬化机制的约束力量.     

软弱地基的松木桩处理在水库除险加固工程中的应用

文章结合笔者的工程实践,对用松木桩处理软弱地基的问题进行探讨。阐述了该方法的经济性、适用范围、效果及可行性,希望能为以后同类工程的施工提供借鉴。     

液化石油气储罐的全面检验和缺陷处理

文章对在液化石油气储罐全面检验中发现的缺陷进行了原因分析和提出处理方法,结果表明,该液化石油气储罐在检验周期内运行是安全的,不会发生失效情况。所做的检验工作,对液化石油气储罐的安全运行起着重要作用,同时为以后进行其他同类型储罐的检验及缺陷处理提供参考。