Green Accounting for an Externality, Pollution at a Mine

This paper takes a value-added approach to ``green'accounting at an individual microeconomic unit, a mine. Capacities forextraction and for abatement of pollution are chosen subject to anenvironmental regulation. The implications for accounting for resource andenvironmental degradation are discussed. Depreciation is not quantitativelyunique, but can be compared qualitatively with a condition involving shadowprices. The costs of defensive expenditures contribute to increasing greenNNP, but depreciation of the resource is a charge against GNP in computinggreen NNP. Income from capital is the return on the undepreciated values ofextractive capacity, abatement capacity and the resource, and is a part ofnet domestic income.     

The impact of an accelerated depreciation tax policy on employment: Evidence from China

We examine the impact of an accelerated depreciation tax policy (ADP) on employment. As a tax incentive policy, we expect an ADP to impact firm behavior significantly, but its effect on employment remains uninvestigated. Leveraging the two-stage implementation of an ADP in selected industries in China in 2014 and 2015 and using a difference-in-differences research design, we find that: 1) the ADP significantly increases employment, which is consistent with the output effect hypothesis; and 2) the ADP increases firms’ labor demand, mainly by stimulating investment in fixed assets and easing their financial constraints. Additional analysis suggests that the impact of ADP on employment is more salient for small firms, non-state-owned firms, and high growth firms, and skilled labor employment, indicating that the ADP is more effective for firms with high financial constraints and hiring skilled labor to accompany the increase in capital investment.     

浅谈固定资产加速折旧政策

大力推行税法折旧政策对加速折旧政策具有重要意义。目前我国税法折旧政策存在着严重的缺陷,采用低比率、长期限、直线性的折旧政策,无论是对企业自身发展还是对国家宏观经济的长远发展都是不利的。实施加速折旧政策既能促进企业自身的发展,也有利于促进国家经济的长远发展。     

Spatial and temporal impacts on building depreciation

This article explores the relationship between new housing and the existing housing stock in terms of an urban market value hierarchy, considering the importance of the concept of depreciation, as influenced by three factors: the age, location and quality of the building. Based on a sample from the Almond area of Madrid City Centre, the research considers many variables and applies an adapted appraisal approach termed differential depreciation to analyse the evidence of real estate values and the influence of spatial and temporal location factors. The study of the role of depreciation in the value of housing used in this research provides researchers with objective criteria on the functioning of the urban land market. This shows that the relationship between depreciation and the need for renovation is not linear, but instead follows identifiable patterns linked to the era of construction rather than solely the age of the building.     

经济复苏进程中国际金价缘何大幅上涨

金融危机过后,在世界经济的复苏进程中,国际黄金价格出现大幅度上涨,其主要原因是美元贬值的压力、通货膨胀的威胁、复苏进程的不确定性、国际黄金市场供求关系的变化。黄金价格短期内上行趋势不会改变,但长期看不可持续。     

Cost of capital and valuation in the public and private sectors: Tax,risk and debt capacity

Cost of capital and valuation differ in the private and public sectors, because taxes are a cost to the private sector but are only a transfer to the public sector. We show how to transform the after-tax private sector cost of capital into its pre-tax equivalent, for comparison with the public sector cost of capital. We establish the existence of a tax induced wedge between these two costs of capital. The wedge introduces a preference on the part of the private sector for assets with rapid tax depreciation, high debt capacity and low risk. We show that, in circumstances where an asset has identical public and private sector valuation in the absence of taxes, the tax induced difference in valuation is identical to the change in government tax receipts that results from having the asset owned by the private rather than the public sector. We provide some examples of distortions that result from failure to adjust for changes in tax revenues, and show how to effect such adjustment.     

基于改进的成本法的探讨

本文以提高房地产估价质量为基础,通过研究改进后的成本法的有效性和合理性,达到完善现行的房地产估价理论、构建优化的估价方法的目的。     

关于折旧的动态分析

固定资产折旧是经济管理中经常遇到的问题之一。本文通过动态分析与静态分析的比较研究,指出静态分析存在的局限性,阐明了动态分析可以克服静态分析存在的固定资产使用时期越长其收益越大的假象,从而更有利于领导正确决策。更符合经济管理之需要。     

投资回收期指标若干问题的探讨

针对基本建设投资回收期指标的正确计算问题 ,从固定资产折旧基金和中国税金的性质、特点入手 ,阐述了折旧和税金应是投资回收资金的观点 ,并认为流动资金的投资也应列入应回收的总投资的范围。     

加速折旧企业所得税政策与实体企业金融化——基于2014年固定资产加速折旧政策的准自然实验

本文选择2011-2017年我国沪深上市实体企业的样本数据,以2014年固定资产加速折旧所得税政策的出台为准自然实验,采用双重差分法实证检验了固定资产加速折旧政策对实体企业金融化行为的影响。研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策出台带来的所得税抵税收益在提升实体企业固定资产和无形资产等实业投资的同时,会提升实体企业金融化水平。进一步研究发现,固定资产加速折旧政策的出台仅对现金流较贫乏、非国有企业、成长性较高以及规模较小的实体企业的金融化水平具有显著促进作用。研究结论不仅能够丰富企业金融化的理论研究,还有助于税务监管部门进一步调整优化固定资产加速折旧政策及相关配套税收政策,以便更好地防范、化解脱实向虚风险,促进实体企业高质量发展。