Asset Revaluations in the Accounts of UK National Health Service Trusts

This paper reports the results of an investigation into the impact of the revaluation of fixed assets on the reported results of NHS ambulance services. It recalculates the accounting rate of return of individual trusts after removing revaluation adjustments and examines the published responses of trusts. The numerical analysis demonstrates that, in general, revaluation has depressed the stated rate of return in an inconsistent manner. Failure to meet the required rate of return may cause a trust to be subjected to additional monitoring and management reorganisation while the trusts respond by explaining deviations in the accounting return measure by referring to revaluations and other technical adjustments. Management decisions made in response to these accounting measures may be sub-optimal in delivering health care but appropriate in achieving the desired accounting outcome.     

Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Output in Oil-Producing Countries: The Case of Iran

Conventional wisdom states that currency depreciation in oil-producing countries is contractionary because demand effects, limited by the prevalence of oil exports priced in dollars, are more than offset by adverse supply effects. Iran, however, has experienced a rapid increase in nonoil exports in the past decade. Against this background, the paper tests whether the conventional wisdom still applies to Iran and concludes that the emergence of the nonoil export sector has made currency depreciation expansionary. The expansionary effect is particularly evident regarding anticipated persistent depreciation in the long run. Notwithstanding the varying effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the demand and supply sides of the economy, managing a flexible exchange rate gradually over time toward achieving stability in the real effective exchange rate may strike the necessary balance.     

递耗资产在西方会计中的核算

我国的矿产资源属于国家所有 ,但国家对自然资源没有实施所有者的权力 ,企业也没有把自然资源纳入企业的资产账户。本文借鉴了西方会计中递耗资产的核算方法 ,对递耗资产成本的确定、递耗资产折耗的计算、递耗资产附属固定资产的折旧和递耗资产增值的账务处理等问题提出了自己的见解。这些观点对建立我国递耗资产的完整核算体系有积极意义     

会计学的视觉化教学研究

人的各种感觉机能中视觉在学习中起的作用最大,人们在学习知识的过程中,观看图象比阅读文字学习效率更高,效果更好。文章论述了会计学视觉化教学的必要性,并分别通过折旧原理、成本计算原理、借贷记帐原理三个会计视觉化教学的范例,介绍了会计视觉化教学的一般方法,指出会计的视觉化教学的实质是模型化。     

透视人民币汇率之争

发达国家经济利益需求中的转嫁经济问题,形成西方发达国家指责人民币升值的背景。然而,中国出口竞争力强劲的原因并不因美元贬值所致,美国对外贸易逆差剧增的原因也不在于中国的人民币汇率政策本身,中国更不是全球通货紧缩的始作俑者。相反,稳定的人民币有利于自由贸易、吸收外资、进而优化国际分工,同时缓解全球通缩。     

物价变动情况下折旧调整方法探究

本文探讨了在物价变动的情况下 ,通过计提“增补折旧”或用“资产减值准备”账户对折旧额进行调整的会计方法 ,以期更合理地计算折旧费用 ,实现实体资本保全。     

新会计准则下公司盈余管理研究

盈余管理是企业的管理者为实现自身利益或企业的市场价值最大化目标,在会计准则允许的范围内,主要通过会计政策的选择,来调节企业盈余的行为。本文介绍了公司盈余管理的原因,剖析了新会计准则对公司盈余的限制和新会计准则下盈余管理的可能途径,并提出相关对策建议。     

Is heterogeneous capital depreciation important for estimating firm-level productivity? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

This paper contributes to the existing literature on estimating firm-level production functions. Using Chinese manufacturing survey data, we employ the firm-level heterogeneous capital depreciation rate to measure firms’ investment and assess its role using Olley and Pakes (1996) (OP) production function estimation technique. Although there is some ongoing debate on the econometric soundness of the OP technique, we argue quantitatively that the heterogeneous depreciation rate muffles the measurement error associated with the key input demand investment. In our sample, it significantly narrows the gap of total factor productivity (TFP) estimates between the OP technique and a state-of-the-art estimation method that works without investment. We further reveal that the improved performance primarily originates from the dynamic evolution in the distribution of the capital depreciation rate.     

Exchange rate sensitivity of US bilateral trade flows

The traditional way of assessing the impact of currency depreciation on the trade balance has been to estimate the elasticity of trade volume to relative prices. To this end, most previous studies used aggregate trade data. To avoid aggregation biases potentially hidden in aggregate data, recent studies have relied on bilateral trade data. Since import and export price data is not available on bilateral level, this study proposes an alternative way of assessing the impact of currency depreciation on bilateral trade flows. The models are applied between the US and her 19 industrial trading partners using recent advances in time-series modeling.     

Financial Integration in Asset and Liability Holdings in East Asia

In this article, we examine the evolution of intra-East Asian financial integration from 2001 to 2013. Most existing studies on this topic look primarily at asset holdings; we examine liability holdings as well. Using the International Monetary Fund’s Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey data for equities, long-term debt, and short-term debt, our analysis generally supports the conventional wisdom that East Asian countries are more financially integrated with global financial centers than they are with each other. This is true for both asset holdings and liabilities and is confirmed by an econometric analysis based on financial gravity equations. However, the gap between global integration and regional integration has narrowed for asset holdings over time but not for liability holdings. The results of additional econometric analysis indicate that diversification of liability holdings can mitigate financial instability due to global financial shocks. More precisely, diversification was associated with smaller exchange rate depreciation during the quantitative easing taper tantrum of 2013. These results point to a possible benefit from strengthening regional financial integration. Deeper regional integration would reduce dependence on global financial markets for funding and hence vulnerability to global shocks.