Direct and indirect effect of depression in adolescence on adult wages

It is well recognized that a depressive mental state can persist for a long time, and this can adversely impact labour market outcomes. The aim of this article is to examine the direct association between depression status in late-teenage years and adult wages, as well as the indirect association, operating through accumulated education, experience and occupation choice. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 data, we find adolescent depression is associated with a wage penalty of around 10–15%, but its mechanics are very different for males and females. For males, about three quarters of the wage penalty is through the direct channel, whilst for females the indirect effect channel is dominant. The indirect channel is driven by lower accumulated education, mostly because depression discourages further study post high school. These results are important because they imply that the association between adolescent depression and wages is stronger than has been estimated in previous cross-sectional studies.     

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩储层成岩作用研究——成岩作用对储集空间演化的影响

通过岩心描述、岩石薄片鉴定、孔隙特征分析,认为本区石炭系火山岩以中基性岩浆岩为主。主要岩石类型为熔岩及火山碎屑岩;储集空间为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和复合孔隙,原生缝、次生缝和复合缝。储集空间在不同成岩阶段所受影响不同,其中溶解作用对储集空间的演化影响最为显著。     

乌尔逊凹陷南屯组次生孔隙发育特征及成因分析

本文通过对岩芯、岩石薄片的观察,对乌尔逊地区南屯组储层进行了成岩作用研究,结果表明压实作用和胶结作用是深层储层物性变差的主要因素;溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙成为南屯组储层主要储集空间;有机质热演化、淋滤作用和异常高压所导致的溶蚀作用是研究区次生孔隙形成的主要原因。     

抑制环保型钻井液在B1区块施工中的质量控制

B1区块上部盐城组浅灰色、白色软泥岩易造浆缩径,阜宁组、泰州组深灰色泥岩易垮塌,而且水网比较密集,环保压力大。所以,在该区块选用了复合金属离子复配小阳离子环境无害化润滑防塌钻井液体系。该体系抑制性强、润滑防塌效果好,其主聚合物的一次回收率达88.4%,防塌剂的页岩回收率达18.42%,高温高压膨胀率也较低。利于保护油气层且环境无害化,所测表皮系数在-1.2～-3.5之间,满足钻井工程的需要,施工中末出现任何复杂等问题,钻井及完井作业顺利。     

老年脑梗塞患者的焦虑抑郁情绪及干预

为对老年脑梗塞患者的心理状态进行量化判定并进行干预治疗,分别对河南省信阳市中心医院神经内科的60名老年脑梗塞患者发出综合医院焦虑抑郁(HAD)情绪问卷.并与40名正常人作比较.对HAD积分阳性者随机分组,进行心理干预性对比治疗.老年脑梗塞患者的焦虑情绪发生率为66.7%,抑郁情绪发生率为56.7%,明显高于正常人群,采用心理干预治疗能明显改善焦虑抑郁情绪.焦虑抑郁情绪广泛存在于老年脑梗塞患者中,适当的心理干预可以明显改善患者的预后.     

A macroeconomic model of Russian transition

We present a model in which capital assets can only be owned by members of a relatively small politically connected elite (‘the oligarchs’), each member of which faces a given risk of being expropriated, and we investigate the implications of such an imperfection of property rights for the transition to a market economy. At the start of the transition, the oligarchs are long on local capital assets but short on safe deposits abroad. This causes a depression phase characterized by acute liquidity constraints and large capital outflows at the same time. As the oligarchs acquire enough safe deposits, the economy enters a recovery phase, still accompanied by capital outflows. The model can parsimoniously explain both the steep decline suffered by the Russian economy in the first stage of its transition to a market economy and the subsequent turnaround. The decline could be avoided by allowing foreigners to own some domestic capital assets, but home‐country oligarchs may not be able credibly to collectively commit to such a reform.     

经济放缓时期运输型物流企业的发展困境与出路

面对全球经济放缓,中国难以独善其身,本文通过分析运输型物流企业在经济放缓时期面临的各种经营困难,提出了解决困难的对策,提升了运输型物流企业应对外部影响的能力,达到增强运输型物流企业的竞争力的目的。     

A discrete-choice experiment to assess treatment modality preferences of patients with depression

Aims: There is an increasing interest in understanding patients’ preferences in the area of healthcare decision-making to better match treatment with patients’ preferences and improve treatment uptake and adherence. The aim of this study was to elicit the preferences of patients with a depressive disorder regarding treatment modalities.

Materials and methods: In a discrete-choice experiment, patients chose repetitively between two hypothetical depression treatments that varied in four treatment attributes: waiting time until the start of treatment, treatment intensity, level of digitalization, and group size. A Bayesian-efficient design was used to develop 12 choice sets, and patients’ preferences and preference variation was estimated using a random parameters logit model.

Results: A total of 165 patients with depression completed the survey. Patients preferred short (over long) waiting times, face-to-face (over digital) treatment, individual (over group) treatment, and one session per week over two sessions per week or one session per 2 weeks. Patients disfavoured digital treatment and treatment in a large group. Waiting time and treatment intensity were substantially less important attributes to patients than face-to-face (vs digital) and group size. Significant variation in preferences was observed for each attribute, and sub-group analyses revealed that these differences were in part related to education.

Limitations: The convenience sample over-represented the female and younger population, limiting generalizability. Limited information on background characteristics limited the possibilities to explore preference heterogeneity.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated how different treatment components for depression affect patients’ preferences for those treatments. There is significant variation in treatment preferences, even after accounting for education. Incorporating individual patients’ preferences into treatment decisions could potentially lead to improved adherence of treatments for depressive disorders.     

经济萧条环境下“发展”的理论性分析

金融危机导致的经济萧条,使人们对前一时期遵循的“发展”理念及路径产生了质疑,因此在当前情况下如何全面诠释“发展”也就成为重要的理论课题。“发展”作为客观存在,具有“规律性”、“永恒性”、“层次性”和“主体性”特征。这些特征决定了无论在任何环境下,针对“发展”所采取的路径都必须坚持“科学性”、可持续性以及“人的主体性”,否则,“发展”就不可能完成社会主体的预期。     

Nonlinear dynamism of innovation and business cycles

The aim of this paper is to describe the nonlinear dynamism of innovation and to clarify the role of innovation for economic development in terms of Kondratiev business cycles, especially the causal relation of the bubble economy and depressions with innovations. Any paradigm of technological innovation develops within a definite time span reaching maturity. This nonlinear nature clarifies many characteristic features of innovation. Schumpeters innovation theory on business cycles is examined through this dynamism. Trunk innovation is defined as that which plays a decisive role in building infrastructures and inducing subsequent innovations. Every innovation has its own technological development period just before the innovation diffusion. The emergence of new markets can be estimated by chasing the ongoing technologies.JEL Classification: E32, L16, O11, O14, O30Paper presented at the 9th Conference of the International J.A. Schumpeter Society, Gainesville, Florida, USA.Previous affiliation was Ryutsu Kagaku University, Faculty of Information Science, Kobe, Japan.