Incentives to move up: Effects of pay gaps between levels on employee performance

Employees of a certain rank are motivated by the pay gap between them and the levels above (upward comparison), and the pay gap between them and the levels below (downward comparison). In some cases, employees face multiple upward comparisons such as immediate and subsequent upward comparisons. We hypothesise that upward comparison matters more than downward comparison, and in the case of multiple upward comparisons, the immediate one matters more than the subsequent ones. We also hypothesise that the pay gap effect resulting from the upward/downward comparison ought to be non‐linear in that performance increases with pay gap size at a decreasing rate. The results from two empirical studies, namely, a longitudinal field study and a laboratory experiment, largely support our hypotheses.     

连续梁墩梁固结研究——以二七长江大桥上跨铁路工程为例

结合武汉市二七长江大桥上跨铁路工程施工过程,采用模拟计算墩梁固结临时墩的受力,结合监控资料,得出其荷载的合理取值,并总结归纳墩梁固结的多种形式,分析优缺点,提出各种形式的适用范围。     

大吨位宽幅转体现浇箱梁支架设计与施工

桥梁水平转体施工技术日趋成熟,大跨度、大吨位等技术指标不断突破,转体法施工优势得到充分发挥。本文根据桥梁分段现浇、一次整体转体到位的特点,结合转体法施工工况,论述了软弱地基条件下大吨位宽幅转体现浇梁支架设计与施工技术。     

论总图在煤炭矿井设计前期的重要性——以新疆塔什店矿区一号矿井为例

本文以新疆塔什店矿区一号矿井为例,阐述了总图专业对于煤炭矿井设计前期的重要性,并通过在矿井工业场地合理选址、矿井建设与城镇规划关系及矿井建设对社会影响度等方面分析,说明了总图专业参与矿井前期设计的必要性,以期望提高总图专业设计的水平。     

关于生态建筑学在高层建筑设计中的运用探讨

为了降低高层建筑的能耗并减少其对环境造成的影响,生态建筑学的概念被提出,并逐渐被应用到高层建筑的设计当中。本文对生态建筑学在高层建筑中的运用进行了探讨,希望对建筑设计工作者们能够起到参考借鉴的作用。     

Paradigm Shifts in Social Housing after Welfare-State Transformation: Learning from the German Experience

Welfare-state transformation and entrepreneurial urban politics in Western welfare states since the late 1970s have yielded converging trends in the transformation of the dominant Fordist paradigm of social housing in terms of its societal function and institutional and spatial form. In this article I draw from a comparative case study on two cities in Germany to show that the resulting new paradigm is simultaneously shaped by the idiosyncrasies of the country's national housing regime and local housing policies. While German governments have successively limited the societal function of social housing as a legitimate instrument only for addressing exceptional housing crises, local policies on providing and organizing social housing within this framework display significant variation. However, planning and design principles dominating the spatial forms of social housing have been congruent. They may be interpreted as both an expression of the marginalization of social housing within the restructured welfare housing regime and a tool of its implementation according to the logics of entrepreneurial urban politics.     

When Auditors Say ‘No,’ Does the Market Listen?

Previous research on whether the market responds to auditors’ opinions has provided mixed results. We revisit this issue in China, where individual investors who are more likely to neglect value-relevant information dominate the stock market. In addition to going concern opinions (GCOs), China permits modified audit opinions (MAOs) on violations of accounting standards or disclosure rules (GAAP/DISC MAOs), providing an opportunity not available in the literature to enrich the study of audit-opinion pricing. We find that, ceteris paribus, MAO recipients underperform in the future and have a higher incidence of adverse outcomes such as misreporting and stock delisting, and the market reacts negatively to MAOs during the short window around MAO disclosure. Importantly, MAO disclosure is not followed by negative long-term stock returns, suggesting stock price adjustments to MAOs are speedy and unbiased. These findings hold for both GCOs and GAAP/DISC MAOs. Together, our findings support the informativeness of audit opinions and cast doubt on the argument that investors inefficiently price audit opinions due to information-processing bias.     

Relative age effects in political selection

We exploit a regression discontinuity design to provide causal evidence of the relative age effect (RAE) on a long-run adult age outcome: Political selection. We find strong evidence of the RAE in politics in Finland. However, the effect is heterogeneous: We find that male candidates born early in the calendar year have a significantly higher probability of getting elected to the parliament but no similar RAE applies to female candidates nor to municipal elections. Moreover, this effect only takes place in the most competitive parliamentary districts and is present only for some parties. We also find that in all the groups where the RAE does not exist, early-born candidates are under-represented suggesting attrition of talent in the candidate placement. Overall, our results show that seemingly artificial cutoffs imposed by the government have persistent consequences even on the selection to the highest positions of power within a society.     

How do consumers categorize new hybrid products?

This article investigates how consumers categorize new hybrid products (NHPs). Given the limitations of the classical theories of categorization in the specific case of NHP, affordance, mobilized infrequently in marketing, turned out to be a useful categorization concept. Five types of NHP categorizations by consumers, based on the degree of affordance (low vs. high) and type of innovation (incremental vs. radical), have been detected and filled a gap in the literature on the subject.     

参数化机械设计中的线图处理

在机械设计中往往需要进行线图处理,本文介绍了使用VB语言对V带轮、齿轮等零件在设计时须应用线图处理设计的一种思路和方法,从而使计算机语言与机械设计紧密结合,提高设计的精准度,提高设计效率达到事半功倍的效果。