Behind closed doors: Sex bias at professional and managerial levels

U.S. companies have made important strides in combating sex discrimination in the workplace over the last two decades, but more subtle forms of sex bias still exist, often in decisions and behaviors that occur behind closed doors. This paper focuses on sex bias at professional and managerial levels. It explores sources of sex bias in the informal culture, selection and recruitment, task assignment, performance appraisal, promotion, and salary allocation, and then suggests action steps to help reduce sex bias in each of these areas.     

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF NATURAL MONOPOLY

Abstract. This paper examines two important recent developments in the theory of natural monopoly, or more generally the theory of market structure. The first is a series of papers, involving Baumol with various co-authors, investigating the theory of industry structure, whilst the second is particularly associated with the names of Shaked and Sutton, and the relationship they develop between product differentiation and industry structure. The paper surveys and to some extent contrasts these two new approaches.
Baumol et al. 's contribution is seen to be in the area of clarifying the concept of natural monopoly, refining the definitions of multiproduct costs, and developing a notion of social efficiency applicable to industries where economies of scale are important. Shaked and Sutton employ a new definition of natural monopoly unrelated to market size and utilize information about consumers'income distributions to develop their notion of vertical product differentiation and natural oligopoly.     

供应链管理下的采购管理方法辨析

如何对物料采购实施有效的管理以获取竞争优势是由物料的多种因素综合决定的。文章在分析传统ABC分类法的基础上,给出了一种依据价值、质量影响及市场采购的难易程度的一个三维分类模式,并分析给出了在供应链管理下不同物料的采购管理要点。     

基于供应链的物流网络设计研究

比较分析了基于供应链的物流网络的设计特点,并提出了其设计原则与设计步骤.     

论人力资本理念下的现代企业会计理论模块与观念构架

运用传统会计知识和经验、兼容演绎法和归纳法对人力资本理念下的现代企业会计进行创新思考,先演绎成包括会计假设、会计确认、会计计量、会计账户、会计记录、会计报告六个一体化的理论方面,后归纳为包涵传统会计、人力资源会计两个立体化的观念层次,形成了人力资本理念下的现代企业会计理论模块与观念构架。     

中国电子商务企业生存的实证分析

本文通过Logisitc回归模型，对电子商务企业生存的影响因素进行了分析。笔者认为，电子商务企业的生存是受企业自身基因构成决定的，而电子商务企业的基因构成包括了企业家才能、资金、信息资本、人力资本、社会资本和技术资本。同时，企业的基因会随着环境的变化而不断地进行着调整和整合，以适应竞争的需要。实证分析的结果证实了笔者的判断。     

对西方思想史中人的素质思想的考察

西方思想史实际上就是一部以人为中心的历史,它以人为出发点和考察对象,从古至今的思想家们自觉不自觉地涉及到了人的素质这一问题,本文纵向考察了从古希腊开始一直到近现代的西方思想家们对人的素质问题的论述,勾勒出西方人学思想发展的基本脉络,这对于我们今天在社会主义建设中如何认识和促进人的素质的发展具有非常重要的启示和意义。     

略论社会转型期我国社会阶级阶层的嬗变及其矛盾

在社会转型期,我国多种经济成分的并存催生着多种财富分配方式,进而形成不同的利益共同体,引致了原有社会阶级阶层结构的嬗变,使社会阶级结构演变为阶层结构.在新的社会阶层结构中,各个利益集团和阶层有着各自不同的利益追求,并引发了各自不同的政治诉求,从而构成新的社会矛盾体系.在新的社会矛盾体系中,人民内部矛盾是其基本的属性,"和而不同"是现阶段人民内部矛盾的本质特征.     

The relationship between technology and science: Some historical and philosophical reflections. Part I

This essay offers a detailed review of the literature on the relationship between technology and science. It is in two parts. Part I begins by describing science and technology, and the differences between them. It then discusses the commonly-held technology-as-applied-science (TAS) view; the origins of this view, the support for it, and the strong historical and philosophical challenges to it, beginning more than half a century ago, are explored. The development of the steam engine is then offered as a brief case study to illustrate that science-technology relations are more complex than implied by the TAS view. Part I concludes with a consideration of ontological arguments supporting the reverse view, namely that technology is often a necessary precursor to science.Part II, to be published in a following issue, explores some of the consequences of the TAS view. One consequence is that it has generated a story-line in which scientific ideas are emphasised and other factors necessary for technological innovation have been down-played. Another consequence is that, even in cases where technology does apply scientific knowledge, the process of application is often considered obvious; the difficulties of translating ideas into artefacts may not be appreciated. The essay argues for the telling of a more complex story of science-technology relations, one which recognises their historical independence in the past, and their mutual, two-way interaction in many modern fields of endeavour. It concludes with a consideration of some economic and educational implications.