论抵押物登记的作用及效力

抵押物登记具有广泛的作用,它不仅在特定情况下是抵押合同生效、抵押权成立的必要条件,而且在一般情况下也能强化抵押权的效力,促进抵押权的实现。因此,在担保活动中人们应当重视抵押物登记,即使法律不要求强制登记的抵押行为,债权人也应为了降低抵押风险、保障交易安全,尽可能采取登记措施。     

黄河黑山峡大柳树水利枢纽工程功能分析

为了抢抓国家当前高度重视生态文明建设,加强中西部地区重大调水工程建设的历史机遇,加快黄河黑山峡河段开发,梳理分析了黄河黑山峡大柳树水利枢纽工程在黄河调水调沙、水资源配置、区域建设发展等方面的功能作用,分析了相关省区的发展作用并提出损益处理建议,以求多方共赢,共同呼吁国家加快黄河大柳树水利枢纽工程立项建设。     

基于发展权与功能损失的农村宅基地流转增值收益分配研究——以义乌市“集地券”为例

研究目的:从宅基地流转功能损失角度构建增值收益分配模型,探寻基于土地发展权的宅基地流转增值收益分配方法。研究方法:综合分析法,模型测算法,实证分析法。研究结果:义乌市制定的"集地券"流转模式的实质是运用市场机制实现土地发展权空间转移,通过"集地券"形式获得的宅基地增值收益约为1152元/m2;宅基地流转过程中,政府应补偿宅基地居住保障、社会保障以及文化服务功能价值损失,约为234元/m2;基于发展权和功能损失角度,义乌市政府、村集体和农民分享宅基地流转增值收益的比例为40∶11∶49。研究结论:建立在基准地价基础上对宅基地的土地发展权价值进行分配,并结合宅基地功能损失补偿农民体现公平原则,也接近地方政策规定及实际分配比例,符合建立兼顾国家、集体、个人的土地增值收益分配机制的改革方向。     

分形图及图案设计

本文讨论了各种分形图及在图案设计中的应用 ,并提出了利用这些分形图生成图案的一些方法。     

一种机载三维音频技术的快速计算方法

针对机载三维音频应用的实时性需求,提出了一种基于单耳相对头相关传递函数和改进型混响模型的机载三维音频快速实现方法,在较传统实现方式性能无明显下降的情况下降低了80%的计算量。对提出的算法在F-16战斗机模拟强噪声环境下进行相关主观试听实验,同时在某型飞机音频系统中实验验证。实验结果表明,所提方法在实时处理3路三维音频时,三维音频方位分辨精度在5°以内,可满足实际机载平台使用需求。     

农业产业化进程中金融资源的有效配置

在农业产业化进程中,合理配置金融资源有着极其重要的意义,改变各类金融资源涌向城市的局面,提高农业产业化运行效率,推动农业产业化发展。在现有的农业产业化及农村金融改革研究成果的基础上,以金融资源配置功能为视角,深入研究农业产业化及农村金融发展问题,分析农业产业化的金融资源配置功能缺失的现状与成因,探讨农业产业化进程中金融资源配置功能缺失的矫治策略。     

The impact of climate change on labour demand in the plantation sector: the case of tea production in Sri Lanka

Limited opportunities for crop switching and lengthy preharvesting periods make the plantation sector particularly vulnerable to climate change. Surprisingly, however, the economic consequences of climate change on plantation crops are seldom analysed. Drawing on a unique primary panel data set from a representative cross section of 35 tea estates in Sri Lanka over the period 2002–2014, this study implements a structural model of estate profit maximisation to estimate the elasticity of labour demand with respect to different components of weather. Results indicate a negative relationship between labour demand and rainfall in the south‐west monsoon, the north‐east monsoon and the second inter‐monsoon. A positive relationship is found between labour demand and rainfall in the first inter‐monsoon. Overall, predicted changes in rainfall by 2050 are anticipated to reduce labour demand by approximately 1,175,000 person‐days per year across Sri Lanka's tea plantation sector. This is likely to have considerable social and welfare implications, particularly for the Indian Tamil women who comprise the majority of the sector's workforce.     

国土空间多功能利用效益评价——以广东省汕头市为例

进行汕头市国土空间多功能利用效益评价,为汕头市科学利用土地,进行国土规划、提高国土利用效率奠定前提和基础。以可持续发展为目的,结合汕头市自然社会发展特点及国土空间利用现状,从社会、经济、资源与生态环境4个功能为切入点,建立4个功能层10个准则层27个指标的国土空间多功能利用效益评价指标体系,并采用熵值法对各功能进行评分。研究结果显示:汕头市国土空间经济功能评分最高,为汕头市国土空间主导功能,其次是经济、资源、环境功能,但社会、文化等功能较弱,各功能缺乏平衡。15年来,汕头市国土空间评价总体评分不断提高,表明国土利用效益在持续提高,但各功能发展不均衡以及人地矛盾依然突出,需要不断加强和完善国土空间规划。     

Ecosystem impacts of pesticide reductions through Bt cotton adoption

This article examines the ecosystem impacts of transgenic Bt cotton technology resulting from reduced chemical pesticide use. Employing unique panel data from smallholder farmers in India, negative environmental and health effects of pesticide use are quantified with the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), with and without Bt technology. An environmentally sensitive dynamic production function is estimated, treating the environmental risk of pesticide toxicity as an undesirable output in the production process. Negative externalities are significantly lower in Bt than in conventional cotton. The reduction in EIQ through Bt technology adoption has increased from 39 per cent during 2002–2004 to 68 per cent during 2006–2008. Bt adoption has also contributed to higher environmental efficiency. Environmental efficiency is influenced by the quality of Bt technology: high‐quality Bt seeds are associated with higher environmental efficiency than lower‐quality seeds.     

The productivity of agricultural credit in India

This study examines the nature of the relationship between formal agricultural credit and agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India, specifically the role of the former in supporting agricultural growth, using state level panel data covering the period 1995–1996 to 2011–2012. The study uses a mediation analysis framework to map the pathways through which institutional credit relates to agricultural GDP relying on a control function approach to tackle the problem of endogeneity. The findings from the analysis suggest that over this period, all the inputs are highly responsive to an increase in institutional credit to agriculture. A 10% increase in credit flow in nominal terms leads to an increase by 1.7% in fertilizers (N, P, K) consumption in physical quantities, 5.1% increase in the tonnes of pesticides, 10.8% increase in tractor purchases. Overall, it seems quite clear that input use is sensitive to credit flow, whereas GDP of agriculture is not. Credit seems therefore to be an enabling input, but one whose effectiveness is undermined by low technical efficiency and productivity.