关于教育行政低效问题的探析

教育行政效率反映了教育工作的基本状况。文章通过对当前我国教育行政低效原因及现象的分析,指出了提高教育行政效率的基本对策。     

Business engagement in a civil society: Transitioning towards a dementia-friendly visitor economy

Dementia is a growing global health condition primarily, though not exclusively, associated with ageing populations. This paper examines dementia awareness and the perspectives of businesses and organisations in the visitor economy, given that people with the early stages of dementia remain consumers of leisure and tourism experiences. It adopts the concept of the civil society where people are treated in a fair and equitable manner irrespective of their abilities and state of health to promote equality of opportunity. As an exploratory study, it evaluates the awareness, perception and experience of businesses in developing a dementia-friendly visitor economy. It focuses on dementia as a ‘hidden condition’ with a focus on the attractions sector to develop a greater understanding of how to embrace dementia as part of a civil society. The research highlights the implications for the wider visitor economy with dementia set to grow globally in scale and significance.     

论纳兰词中的悲剧意识及其成因

纳兰性德是满清词坛的重要词人，拥有着常人眼中的完美人生，其词有着与此极不协调的创作风格，这看似矛盾的两者实则有着必然的联系。可从纳兰词中所体现出来的悲剧意识分析。并从纳兰性德独特的悲剧式人生中的几对矛盾冲突探寻其成因：本性与生存环境的冲突、理想蓝图与仕宦生涯的冲突、精神追求与现实的冲突。     

基于传染疾病防控的GIS构架实现

随着信息技术的发展,GIS为传染疾病信息的处理以及疾病与人们周围的社会环境、自然环境和卫生服务环境的分析提供了一个理想的平台,它可以很好地阐述环境和健康之间的因果关系。本文论证了GIS与元胞自动机在理论上相结合的可行性并分析了元胞动态演化的相关参数,通过将GIS与元胞自动机技术相结合,建立起基于传染疾病的CA模型,这样就解决了一系列实验数据与现实有出入的问题,从而为公共安全和流行病学的研究提供更为接近现实的资料,更有效地模拟传染疾病发生、发展的复杂性以及可变性,更好地保护人民的生命财产不受损失。     

Cost-effectiveness of rosuvastatin 20 mg for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a Swedish economic evaluation of the JUPITER trial

Abstract

Objective:

This study estimated the long-term health outcomes, healthcare costs, and cost-effectiveness of rosuvastatin 20?mg therapy in primary prevention of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Swedish population.

Methods:

Based on data from the JUPITER trial, long-term CVD outcomes with rosuvastatin vs no active treatment were estimated for patients with an elevated baseline CVD risk (Framingham CVD score >20%, sub-population of JUPITER population) and for a population similar to the total JUPITER population. Using a decision-analytic model, trial CVD event rates were combined with epidemiological and cost data specific for Sweden. First and subsequent CVD events and death were estimated over a lifetime perspective. The observed relative risk reduction was extrapolated beyond the trial duration. Incremental effectiveness was measured as life-years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.

Results:

Treating 100,000 patients with rosuvastatin 20?mg was estimated to avoid 14,692 CVD events over the lifetime (8021 non-fatal MIs, 3228 non-fatal strokes, and 4924 CVD deaths) compared to placebo. This translated into an estimated gain of 42,122 QALYs and 36,865 total life years (LYG). Rosuvastatin was both more effective and less costly over a lifetime perspective, and rosuvastatin is subsequently a dominant alternative compared to no treatment in the assessed population. Using the overall JUPITER population, rosuvastatin was dominant for the lifetime horizon. In the sensitivity analysis, rosuvastatin was the dominant treatment strategy over a 20-year time horizon, and cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (cost per QALY) of SEK 1783 over a 10-year time horizon.

Limitations:

Some model inputs were derived from literature or other data sources, but uncertainty was controlled by sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions:

Results indicate that rosuvastatin 20?mg treatment is a cost-effective option vs no-treatment in patients with Framingham CVD risk >20% in Sweden and might even be cost saving if taking a long-term perspective.     

关于地砖排活不规范的质量通病预防

对墙、地砖铺砌排活不规范问题,把自己这些年施工中总结的经验和遇到一些实际问题的处理办法结合规范及操作规程,从强砖铺砌及地砖铺砌两个方面进行一下简单论述。     

关于失业问题的思考

当前社会,失业是一个较为普遍的国际性问题,中国在建立社会主义市场经济体制和二元经济结构转换过程中,特别是20世纪90年代后期以来,也出现了严峻的就业压力。文章在深入分析我国失业现状的基础上,认为我们应该根据中国国情,制定促进就业的经济发展战略和积极的就业政策,以有力促进我国经济社会协调发展。     

清水县养殖园区小鸡大批量死亡原因调查分析

传染性法氏囊病病原在临床上出现较大的变异,鸡群发病后死亡率较高,对蛋鸡和肉鸡生产造成了极大的危害,甘肃清水县养殖园区四户小鸡发病后大批死亡,经临床诊断和实验室检测为传染性法氏囊病。     

The direct medical costs of Huntington’s disease by stage. A retrospective commercial and Medicaid claims data analysis

Abstract

Objective:

This study quantified the direct healthcare costs and major cost drivers among patients with Huntington’s disease (HD), by disease stage in commercial and Medicaid databases.

Methods:

This retrospective database analysis used healthcare utilization/cost data for HD patients (ICD-9-CM 333.4) from Thomson Reuters’ MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid 2002–2009 databases. Patients were classified by disease stage (Early/Middle/Late) by a hierarchical assessment of markers of disease severity, confirmed by literature review and key opinion leader input. Costs were measured over the follow-up time of each patient with total costs per patient per stage annualized using a patient-year cost approach.

Results:

Among 1272 HD patients, the mean age was similar in commercial (752 patients) and Medicaid (520 patients) populations (48.5 years (SD?=?13.3) and 49.3 years (SD?=?17.2), respectively). Commercial patients were evenly distributed by stage (30.5%/35.5%/34.0%; Early/Middle/Late). However, most (74.0%) Medicaid HD patients were classified as Late stage. The mean total annualized cost per patient increased by stage (commercial: $4947 (SD?=?$6040)–$22,582 (SD?=?$39,028); Medicaid: $3257 (SD?=?$5670)–$37,495 (SD?=?$27,111). Outpatient costs were the primary healthcare cost component. The vast majority (73.8%) of Medicaid Late stage patients received nursing home care and the majority (54.6%) of Medicaid Late stage costs were associated with nursing home care. In comparison, only 40.6% of commercial Late stage patients received nursing home care, which contributed to only 4.6% of commercial Late stage costs.

Conclusions:

The annual direct economic burden of HD is substantial and increased with disease progression. More late stage Medicaid HD patients were in nursing homes and for a longer time than their commercial counterparts, reflected by their higher costs (suggesting greater disease severity). Key limitations include the classification of patients into a single stage, as well as a lack of visibility into full long-term care/nursing home-related costs for commercial patients.     

当前我国房地产市场泡沫的成因、对策

历史经验告诉我们,房地产泡沫的产生、破灭对实体经济会产生巨大的损害。近年来,房地产市场在中国经济中的支柱地位得到进一步强化,且从已有的各项指标、数据来看,当前中国房地产市场泡沫现象已非常严重,房地产价格的非理性上涨必将成为实体经济的潜在风险,文章通过对我国房地产市场的泡沫现状与原因分析,提出了解决我国房地产泡沫的政策建议。