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71.
对于沥青混凝土地面而言,裂缝、水破坏、松散、泛油、推移等都是其最常见的病害现象,可以说是公路施工过程中质量方面的通病,不但影响了车辆通行的速度及安全,也对我们所有施工技术人员提出了严峻的考验和挑战,本文系统的介绍了沥青混凝土路面病害的形成原因和在施工管理过程中的如何采取相应的有效措施,希望可以供所有同仁参考。 相似文献
72.
全面分析厦门市疏港路1#人行天桥病害产生原因及工程处治方法,同时对业界旧桥病害成因分析及处治提供一种借鉴. 相似文献
73.
报告了当前社区自组织能力建设的现状,进行了非接触性的文献检索和接触性的实地调查,发现社区自组织能力建设正面临着工作人员整体素质偏低、社区自我管理任务繁重、居民民主参与不足、集体决策能力虚弱、资源协调能力较差等诸多方面的难题;认为这些难题的成因可以归结为:作为能力承载主体的社区自组织自身、作为能力外在环境的社区自组织客体和作为能力作用规则的社区自组织体制等三个方面;提出要有效解决这些难题,可以从内核、环境和制度等方面来探寻对策. 相似文献
74.
不同国家、不同历史时期的特大城市人口规模变动极大,运用 Kernel 密度函数对中国城市人口规模分布的分析表明,当前以城区常住人口“500万以上”为特大城市的划分标准是合理的。从城市人口规模变动的动态历程来看,该变动主要受城市产业与经济发展的影响。对中国主要特大城市实有人口规模变动的分析表明,特大城市的人口规模调控应因时因地而动,不能搞一刀切,而且人口调控政策重点应该从数量控制转向结构优化。特大城市转型升级面临着农民工供给短缺、大学毕业生相对过剩、老年和少儿非劳动力人口持续增长等人口新常态约束。在这种人口增长新常态背景下,特大城市应坚持市场化改革方向,促进政府制度创新和企业技术与管理创新是城市转型升级的根本动力。 相似文献
75.
本文通过对我国社会医疗保险和商业健康保险的比较,揭示重大疾病商业健康保险的必要性和重要性,并基于我国当前商业健康保险的种种缺失提出若干意见和建议。 相似文献
76.
L. Innes L. Bowen N. Bruce L. Scott P. Williams 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2003,27(1):72-79
Community expectations and research demonstrate that consumers play an important role in shaping services for women with breast cancer. Consumer contribution has been mandated recently in Victoria, Australia, to ensure the inclusion of consumer involvement in the planning and decision‐making processes within health organizations. As part of the redevelopment of breast services in Victoria, Southern Health has been funded to plan local improvements to care co‐ordination for women diagnosed with breast cancer in the southern metropolitan area of Melbourne. The establishment of effective consumer participation in breast services is an integral aspect of this project and a range of initiatives has been undertaken to achieve meaningful consumer involvement including the appointment of a consumer advisor; appointment of staff with extensive knowledge in women's health and community development to the project; establishment of a consumer reference group; and plans made to improve the receptivity of health service systems to consumer input. A preliminary evaluation of this ongoing project has indicated that a productive role for consumers in service practice review and policy and planning activities has been established and some change and engagement of staff has occurred. There is still work to be done to promote the involvement of a wider range of health professionals and to increase the level of trust between consumers and staff. 相似文献
77.
Brian G. Feagan Chris M. Kozma Terra L. Slaton William H. Olson 《Journal of medical economics》2014,17(12):872-880
Objective:The objective for the research was to evaluate the direct healthcare costs for Crohn’s disease (CD) patients categorized by adherence status.Methods:Adult patients with ≥1 claim for infliximab and ≥2 claims for CD who were continuously insured for 12 months before and after their first infliximab infusion (index date) were identified in a 2006–2009 US managed care database. Patients were excluded if they had rheumatoid arthritis claims, received infliximab billed as a pharmacy benefit, or received another biologic drug. Patients were categorized as being either adherent or intermittently adherent to infliximab using a pre-defined algorithm. Total and component direct costs, CD-related costs, rates of surgery, and days of hospitalization were estimated for the 360-day post-index period. Propensity weighted generalized linear models were used to adjust the cost estimates for potential confounding variables.Results:The total propensity weighted cost for infliximab adherent patients was $40,425 (95% CI?=?[$38,686, $42,242]), compared to $41,082 (95% CI?=?[$38,163, $44,223]) for the intermittently adherent (p?=?0.71). However, adherent patients had lower total direct medical costs, exclusive of infliximab, that were $13,097 (95% CI?=?[$12,141, $14,127]) compared with $20,068 (95% CI?=?[$17,676, $22,784]) for intermittently adherent patients as a result of substantially lower hospital and outpatient costs (p?0.0001).Conclusions:Greater drug-related costs for infliximab adherent patients were offset by lower costs from hospitalization and outpatient visits. These findings indicate that adherent patients have improved clinical outcomes, at a similar aggregate cost, than patients who are only intermittently adherent to therapy. 相似文献
78.
James Madzimure Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama Stephen T. Garnett Kerstin K. Zander 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2015,66(3):812-831
Although there is growing demand for animal products in Africa, production is stagnating. Appropriate management of livestock diversity could help reinvigorate production, contribute to food security and improve farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in subsistence‐oriented systems. We assess differences in farmers’ preferences and economic values for pig traits across different production systems and across areas that have been affected and unaffected by classical swine fever (CSF). Not surprisingly, market‐oriented farmers derived higher values from the productive traits such as heavy slaughter weight and large litter size found in exotic pig genotypes. Subsistence‐oriented farmers, particularly in swine fever affected areas, placed high value on tolerance to disease. We found that CSF changed farmers’ preferences for adaptive traits, and less so for productive traits. Therefore, indigenous breeds become more valuable for subsistence farmers and crossbreeds for market‐oriented farmers if CSF is a risk. Our results can have implications for breeding and conservation strategies and for compensation strategies after culling, and will become increasingly relevant if, as predicted, heat waves and disease outbreaks become more frequent in pig production systems in South Africa with climate change. 相似文献
79.
80.
黄静丽 《广西商业高等专科学校学报》2014,(3):57-61
广西平南县大成话属于粤方言的次方言,在词汇上,大成话和广州话的特点大同小异。文章主要从词汇的构词形式、词汇的意义两个方面来比较分析大成话与广州话的词汇差异,并从语音变化的影响、语言继承的影响、语言接触的影响、语言认知的影响、社会文化的影响和社会分工不同的影响等6个方面来探讨大成话词汇和广州话词汇差异的成因。 相似文献