我国上市公司会计信息失真的原因及对策探讨——基于经济学角度分析

目前我国上市公司会计信息披露中存在较多问题,上市公司散布虚假信息、欺诈投资者的现象屡屡发生。本文试从经济学角度对会计信息的披露进行研究,通过构建博弈模型,分析会计信息失真的原因,并提出解决问题的方法。     

PORTFOLIO CHOICE VIA QUANTILES

A portfolio choice model in continuous time is formulated for both complete and incomplete markets, where the quantile function of the terminal cash flow, instead of the cash flow itself, is taken as the decision variable. This formulation covers a wide body of existing and new models with law‐invariant preference measures, including expected utility maximization, mean–variance, goal reaching, Yaari's dual model, Lopes' SP/A model, behavioral model under prospect theory, as well as those explicitly involving VaR and CVaR in objectives and/or constraints. A solution scheme to this quantile model is proposed, and then demonstrated by solving analytically the goal‐reaching model and Yaari's dual model. A general property derived for the quantile model is that the optimal terminal payment is anticomonotonic with the pricing kernel (or with the minimal pricing kernel in the case of an incomplete market if the investment opportunity set is deterministic). As a consequence, the mutual fund theorem still holds in a market where rational and irrational agents co‐exist.     

Litteraturanmeldelse

This article examines the notion of distortion of copulas, a natural extension of distortion within the univariate framework. We study three approaches to this extension: (1) distortion of the margins alone while keeping the original copula structure; (2) distortion of the margins while simultaneously altering the copula structure; and (3) synchronized distortion of the copula and its margins. When applying distortion within the multivariate framework, it is important to preserve the properties of a copula function. For the first two approaches, this is a rather straightforward result; however, for the third approach, the proof has been exquisitely constructed in Morillas (2005). These three approaches unify the different types of multivariate distortion that have scarcely scattered in the literature. Our contribution in this paper is to further consider this unifying framework: we give numerous examples to illustrate and we examine their properties particularly with some aspects of ordering multivariate risks. The extension of multivariate distortion can be practically implemented in risk management where there is a need to perform aggregation and attribution of portfolios of correlated risks. Furthermore, ancillary to the results discussed in this article, we are able to generalize the formula developed by Genest &; Rivest (2001) for computing the distribution of the probability integral transformation of a random vector and extend it to the case within the distortion framework. For purposes of illustration, we applied the distortion concept to value excess of loss reinsurance for an insurance policy where the loss amount could vary by type of loss.     

灵东水库平面控制网的投影变形抵偿分析

文章结合灵东水库除险加固工程,阐述了应用TrimbleGPS全球定位系统施测、TGO平差软件处理数据的情况,介绍投影变形抵偿计算在工程控制网中的重要性,以及投影变形抵偿解决方案的选择。     

私营企业会计信息失真表现刍议——以广东A公司为例

伴随着我国经济体制改革的不断深化与发展,会计信息已经成为政府部门、投资者、债权人等了解与掌握企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的重要资源,日益受到社会的重视。作为一支新兴的、充满活力的经济力量,私营企业提供的会计信息对经济的发展起着不可低估的作用。     

会计信息失真的形成原因及对策

会计信息失真是我国会计领域普遍存在的一大顽疾，问题的症结在于企业缺乏完善、健全和有效的公司治理机制。因此要解决这个问题．关键是要完善公司治理结构，将会计信息系统纳入到公司治理的框架中，合理设计会计组织结构及运行机制，基于公司治理建立畅通无阻的会计信息沟通和披露平台，从根本上解决会计信息失真的问题。     

论企业财务监督——兼谈财务会计信息失真

当前财务会计信息失真的普遍经济现象，原因是多方面的，有些是由于法律、法规等方面存在漏洞造成的，有些是由于职能监管部门的监督手段不强造成的，也有些是由于企业自身的财务管理能力不够造成的。如不及时构建有效的监督管理机制，将会严重地扰乱中国经济秩序和经济建设的高速发展。对此，笔者认为应该从不断完善各项法律、法规制度着手，进一步加强政府职能监管力度，强化企业内部控制制度化，提升企业财务管理创新意识等方面入手，制定一系列科学有效的规章制度，从而达到避免和解决财务会计信息失真问题。     

When trade hurts: Consumption indivisibilities and labor market distortions

We present a simple model where complementarities between wages and demand due to factor market distortions can make a transition economy worse off from trade. Prior to trade, a virtuous circle prevails: high wages in industry support a high demand for indivisible industrial goods, which in turn supports high wages. However, factor market distortions in the transition economy create a comparative disadvantage in industry. Opening up to trade results in the import of indivisibles and a fall in manufacturing wages, breaking this virtuous circle. Consequently, trade liberalization without structural reform can have serious adverse effects in a transition economy.     

从经济学角度探析“理性会计信息失真”

“理性会计信息失真”是现代会计信息失真”的基本特征，其中会计行为主体与会计信息的关系是研究的重点。在保持与建立现代企业制度相促进的前提下，适当增加或强化与隐性委托代理行为呈负相关关系的因素，减少或强化呈正相关关系的因素，是架构“理性会计信息失真”治理机制的现实选择。