我国超市发展的现状及对策

文章以即将加入WTO ,世界一些知名的经销商将更多地进入中国市场为背景 ,分析了现阶段我国超市经营中存在的问题 ,提出了相应的对策。     

我国经济增长与收入分配战略的评价和思考

本文在介绍收入分配与经济增长相互关系理论的基础上,实证分析了改革开放以来我国经济增长与收入分配战略的所属类型及其政策效应,指出必须从发展战略和结构调整的高度,注重改善我国收入分配关系,以实现社会稳定、经济持续快速增长和人民共同富裕的最终目标。     

收入分配差距与市场化改革

改革开放以来，我国收入分配差距出现不断扩大的趋势，总体贫富差距、城乡居民收入差距、地区收入差距、行业收入差距都在扩大。收入差距不断扩大的根本原因，是市场化改革的不彻底，缺乏以效率为基础的公平制度，权力市场化以及社会保障制度存在缺陷。因此，要缩小收入差距，就必须深化改革，实现真正的市场化：建立以效率为基础的公平制度；充分发挥市场机制作用，严格限制权力参与社会分配；引入竞争机制打破垄断局面；运用经济手段调整收入分配；制定和完善法律法规；完善社会保障制度。     

基于利益相关者视角的浙江专业市场物流配送机制研究

浙江专业市场物流配送活动存在着错综复杂的利益相关者,他们的行为决定了浙江专业市场物流配送机制的构建模式,对物流配送活动产生重大影响。浙江专业市场物流配送机制的构建应该围绕产业集群需求打造物流支持系统,创新物流服务模式和运营组织形式,通过打造第三方供应链物流服务平台、大力发展第四方物流和电子商务物流,以及培养高素质复合型物流技术人才,促进物流配送服务升级和专业市场转型提升。     

普惠型医疗保险发展:实践困境与优化方向

近年来,普惠型医疗保险成为多层次医疗保障体系发展的一大热点。文章首先介绍了中国普惠型医疗保险的发展现状及主要特点,其次通过对国内部分保险公司线上及线下调研,发现当前普惠型医疗保险发展面临配套法律法规有待健全、市场认可度普遍偏低、可持续经营能力不强、保险效果低水平重复、相关主体联动不足等困境。进一步分析美国、英国、德国、新加坡相关经验,提出具体的优化路径:以优化顶层设计为立足点,提高保险规制水平;以强化市场环境建设为切入点,提升市场认可度;以优化运行模式为突破点,激发保险生命力;以设计差异化产品为关键点,强化保险增补性;以建立联通机制为动力点,提高相关主体协同度。     

Mortality,Human Capital and Persistent Inequality

Available evidence suggests high intergenerational correlation of economic status and persistent disparities in health status between the rich and the poor. This paper proposes a mechanism linking the two. We introduce health capital into a two-period overlapping generations model. Private health investment improves the probability of surviving from the first period of life to the next and, along with education, enhances an individual’s labor productivity. Poorer parents are of poor health, unable to invest much in reducing mortality risk and improving their human capital. Consequently, they leave less for their progeny. Despite convex preferences and technologies, initial differences in economic and health status may perpetuate across generations when annuities markets are imperfect.Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation.     

The nature of the steady state in models of optimal growth under uncertainty

Summary. We study a one-sector stochastic optimal growth model with a representative agent. Utility is logarithmic and the production function is of the Cobb-Douglas form with capital exponent . Production is affected by a multiplicative shock taking one of two values with positive probabilities p and 1-p. It is well known that for this economy, optimal paths converge to a unique steady state, which is an invariant distribution. We are concerned with properties of this distribution. By using the theory of Iterated Function Systems, we are able to characterize such a distribution in terms of singularity versus absolute continuity as parameters and p change. We establish mutual singularity of the invariant distributions as p varies between 0 and 1 whenever . More delicate is the case . Singularity with respect to Lebesgue measure also appears for values such that . For and Peres and Solomyak (1998) have shown that the distribution is a.e. absolutely continuous. Characterization of the invariant distribution in the remaining cases is still an open question. The entire analysis is summarized through a bifurcation diagram, drawn in terms of pairs .Received: 9 April 2002, Revised: 29 October 2002, JEL Classification Numbers: C61, O41.Correspondence to: Tapan MitraThis research was partially supported by CNR (Italy) under the "Short-term mobility" program and by M.U.R.S.T. (Italy) National Group on "Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Models in Economics and Finance" . We are indebted to Rabi Bhattacharya for providing us with the reference to Solomyak's (1995) paper. The present version has benefitted from comments by Mukul Majumdar and two anonymous referees.     

Regulating an Externality-Generating Utility Environmental Taxes Under Limited Information

Global warming is currently an important item on most nationalenvironmental agendas. In many countries, coal-fired electricity generatingstations represent an important source of greenhouse gases. We examinehow regulations to curb emissions affect public utility pricing regulationwhen regulators act non-cooperatively. We show that, when there is limitedinformation on fixed abatement costs, an environmental regulator prefersan emission tax over an output tax or a lump sum environmental tax. Thepublic utility regulator prefers the lump sum tax regime.     

城乡居民收入差距的动态演变:1988～2002年

中国城乡居民收入差距已经引起广泛关注。文章以住户调查数据为基础,利用泰尔指数分解、G.Fields分解、Blinder分解、分位回归分解等多种方法讨论了1988年、1995年和2002年“城乡”因素本身对城乡居民收入差距的贡献。这些分解结果表明我国的城乡差距较显著并在不断扩大;而且城乡差距更不利于农村中的低收入人群。     

Characterization of a class of moral-hazard, adverse selection games

Studying a principal-agent game in which the agent alone observes the state of the world and reports it, but the moral hazard is not reducible, shows that, if the principal uses all signals, then no solution exists, i.e. there is no contract that elicits truth-telling and motivates the agent to exert effort. When the principal does not use signals on the state of the world that seem irrelevant, a solution exists in which some of the ex post signals on outcome are not used, even though they obey the informativeness condition of Holmstrom (Bell Journal of Economics, 1979, 10, 74–91).