Fiscal policy,government debt,and economic growth in the Kaleckian model of growth and distribution

This article presents the Kaleckian model of growth and distribution that sets a budget deficit ratio as an indicator of fiscal policy and examines the short- and long-run effects of an increase in budget deficits and a rise in income tax rates on the economy. The key short-run outcomes are as follows. First, expanded budget deficits have a positive effect on the rate of capacity utilization. Second, the tax rate for wage income does not affect the rate of capacity utilization, whereas the tax rate for capital income has a favorable impact on it. This result implies that raising the tax rate for capital income can be an important policy instrument for stimulating the economy. Third, we find that the economy exhibits a wage-led aggregate demand in the short run. The main long-run results are as follows. First, the effect of expanded budget deficits on the growth rate is ambiguous, since a higher debt burden negatively influences the rate of capacity utilization and hence economic growth, despite the increase in demand caused by government borrowing. A higher budget deficit ratio thus raises the growth rate only if a certain condition is satisfied. Second, the tax rate for capital income has a positive impact on the growth rate. Third, the economy shows a wage-led growth in the long run.     

区域经济收入分布的动态演进分析——以浙江省为例

基于浙江省区域经济人均收入数据,采用核密度函数和马尔科夫分析法,对区域经济收入分布的动态演进过程进行了分析.结果表明,浙江区域人均收入分布特征有别于全国或省区层面上的收入分布特征:浙江区域收入分布整体上呈现单峰、偏态的分布形态,且区域间收入差异呈现扩大的趋势.区域间的状态转移矩阵显示,收入状态的流动性较低,仅在相邻的状态之间转移,难以实现状态问跨越式转移.在经济的长期收入均衡状态中,收入分布分散于四种类型状态空间,其中,不发达地区将占主要比重,不会出现区域经济趋同现象,收入差距会有进一步扩大的趋势.     

就业增长、投资与初次分配中的劳动报酬占比

本文通过生产函数和联立方程模型,发现在非农就业增长、投资和劳动报酬占比之间存在着密切的相互联系和影响:在劳动力从农业部门转移到现代部门的过程中,由于未能获得与其边际产出相等的工资报酬,使得劳动报酬占比下降而资本所得份额上升,资本所得份额的上升促进了投资,投资的增加保证了非农就业的持续增长。我们通常把劳动报酬占比下降和高投资率视为中国经济失衡的表现之一并给予特殊关注,但是,本文所揭示的劳动报酬占比变化的内在机制不仅反映了中国经济增长的一些典型特征,也表明高投资率和劳动报酬占比下降并不是经济失衡的表现,它们是非农就业增长的必然结果,也是保证非农就业持续增长的关键原因。劳动报酬占比的下降虽然恶化了居民之间的收入分配,却是中国经济模式所必须经历的发展阶段。     

Jevons's Theory of Political Economy and the ‘Marginalist Revolution’ *

Very many statements have been made about the (non-)existence and characterisation of the ‘marginal revolution’ but it is urged here that detailed study of the relevant texts is far more valuable than the making of grand statements about such matters. In particular, a close reading of Jevons's Theory of Political Economyis proposed as an antidote to over-easy generalisation. Jevons by no means rejected all elements of classical theory. He did not propose a catallatic revolution; he attributed such an emphasis to earlier authors and himself stressed the role of production. It is shown that Jevons was very aware of the necessarily general equilibrium nature of his theory but that he was simply not able to cope with it satisfactorily; it is suggested that this explains, at least in part, his fluctuating and apparently inconsistent statements relating utility and labour to value. Jevons certainly attempted to sketch a complete marginal productivity theory of distribution, even if he was far from successful in providing one.     

我国保险营销渠道低碳发展问题探讨

我国保险营销渠道的高投入、高成本、高消耗、低效率、粗放式的发展方式不利于保险业可持续发展。当前保险专业中介渠道发展不足,营销效率不高,营销员队伍建设存在制度瓶颈,兼业代理市场不规范的问题依然突出。随着技术创新日新月异,制度创新的时机和条件日益成熟,国内各大险企充分发挥行业优势探索营销渠道低碳发展之路。本文从新制度经济学的角度探讨我国保险营销渠道的低碳发展的具体对策,即以低碳理念为指引,以完善的法律法规为保障,以技术创新为依托,以制度创新为切入点,以人才培养为核心。     

团队合作中的利益分配机制及其调整过程探讨

本文主要探讨团队合作这种新兴工作机制的利益分配机制,首先提出了两种方法:其一,权的最小平方法,建立在专家评分基础之上,具有一定的主观性;其二,在合作博弈框架之上运用Shapley定理确定分配方案,具有较好的客观性、公正性。本文后一部分主要讨论在使用Shapley定理确定分配方案之后的团队博弈,即一旦团队由合作博弈进入非合作博弈后,团队利益分配是如何进行调整的,以及调整过程中博弈双方的策略变化和这种调整产生的内在机理。     

与收入相关的健康不平等的动态变化与分解——以我国中老年群体为例

本文首先创新性地将衡量健康不平等的Erreygers指数分解为收入增长效应、收入分布效应、收入流动效应和人群老化效应;然后采用2011年和2013年两期CHARLS基线调查微观数据,以中老年群体为研究对象,通过混合区间回归模型估计健康与收入和非收入变量的关系;在此基础上得到全样本和各特征人群的Erreygers指数,并对与收入相关的健康不平等的动态变化进行分解。结果表明:(1)中老年群体存在亲富的健康不平等,且亲富程度正在加剧;女性和沿海农村地区人群的健康不平等程度相对较高;(2)健康不平等问题的加剧主要源于收入增长效应和收入分布效应,收入流动效应可在一定程度上缓解健康不平等程度,人群老化效应的缓解作用则相当微弱;(3)与农村的负向效应不同,城市人群的收入增长效应和收入流动效应均在不同程度上加剧了健康的亲富不平等。     

Where to donate: The geographical distribution of corporate philanthropy in China

An emerging body of literature has demonstrated that corporate philanthropy can be an important part of a company’s business strategy. However, we know relatively little about how companies allocate philanthropic resources to achieve their strategic targets. Using geographical distribution data on corporate philanthropy in China from 2009 to 2016, we provide robust evidence of companies’ revenue-driven regional favoritism. Specifically, companies donate more to regions where they obtain revenue than to other regions. Further evidence suggests that this revenue-driven regional favoritism may have both reputational and political motivations. Further analysis suggests that China’s targeted poverty alleviation policy has compromised revenue-driven regional favoritism while increasing the amount of money donated to poor regions. Overall, we enrich understanding of decision-making on corporate philanthropy. We also demonstrate that companies can use the geographical distribution of corporate philanthropy strategically to obtain consumer and government favor in regions where they operate. The results also provide evidence at the micro company level of the effect of China’s implementation of a targeted poverty alleviation policy.     

村镇连锁经营配送系统关键技术问题分析

论文充分考虑村镇连锁经营配送系统的影响因素．对村镇连锁经营配送系统中的配送中心规划仿真技术和城乡双向物流问题进行深入的技术分析．同时提出了典型的村镇连锁经营管理与配送决策模型。