青岛高端产业发展水平国内外对比分析

基于国家统计局、青岛市统计局、世界知识竞争力指数等数据,采用层次指标分析、聚类分析等方法,分析了青岛与国内19个城市的高端产业发展水平的差异,绘制了全球138个城市或地区的高端产业人力资源分布,并研究了青岛高端产业的绩效情况。结果显示,青岛高端产业具有较高生产率及较高增加率的特点,但与国内外先进城市相比,尚处于弱势位置,整体发展水平仍存在不小差距。     

关于实现内外贸一体化的障碍和对策思考

在中国流通领域,内外贸一体化改革在体制上、机制上、政策法规上、观念上、管理上等存在着诸多障碍。要加快内外贸一体化进程,必须深化流通体制的改革,促进内外贸市场的互补,加快流通业的法制建设,培育跨国公司,加强中介组织的建设,建成统一的内外市场,以提高中国经济的整体实力。     

China's agriculture,smallholders and trade: driven by the livestock revolution?*

China's sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country  termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China's agri‐food trade statistics? While her agri‐food imports have dramatically increased since China's accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China's continuing self‐sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next considers developments in China's livestock farming sector and policies that have been contributing to these supply‐side developments. The paper concludes with an examination of issues that may be important to the future development of China's, and the world's, livestock situation;  this includes future demand developments, and the question of whether future demand growth in China might be met with local production, imports of final product, and/or imports of feedstuffs.     

Load profiles and flexibility in operation of washing machines and dishwashers in Europe

While the energy generation system is changing towards the use of more renewable energies, the problem of how to deal with fluctuating energy supply is increasing. Smart appliances in households are often referenced as one possible solution, as their operation may be shifted in time and, thus, used to balance an unstable energy supply. The potential of such appliances has been studied to date mainly in pilot installations with a very limited number of participants or by making assumptions on what might be possible. With this work, a semi‐representative approach for 12 European countries was used to assess actual consumer habits for the use of washing machines and dishwashers which then could be used to calculate average load profiles for those appliances depending on the time of the day. Using these profiles, it is strait forward to calculate how much load may be shifted by those appliances in a demand response application. This allows aggregators or energy utilities to assign clear financial benefits to the shifting potential of those appliances. Consumers use the shifting of appliance operation already today for various reasons. Investigating these reasons allows to learn already a lot about the flexibility of consumers.     

“双循环”背景下旅游业高质量发展的实现路径

自改革开放以来,我国旅游经济总量不断增长,旅游产业地位逐步提升,旅游产业已逐渐成为推动经济发展的重要驱动力。近两年,受新冠肺炎疫情的影响,我国旅游市场受到巨大冲击。由此,以高质量发展为目标,推动“双循环”新发展格局下的旅游产业复苏成为当下旅游产业发展最重要的现实需求。面对新的发展环境,我国旅游产业在发展规模、发展结构、发展动力、发展机制等方面存在深层次结构性矛盾,国内旅游消费需求不足、自主创新能力薄弱、体制机制不健全等问题逐渐凸显。基于此,我们可以通过优化旅游供给、促进文旅融合、现代科技赋能、深入开发入境旅游市场以及扩大开放等路径,加快培育完整的旅游内需体系,推动旅游业高质量发展。     

城市生活垃圾的处理方法

本文综合介绍了城市生活垃圾处理、回收再生利用的方法，包括填埋、焚烧、堆肥及资源化综合处理技术等，比较了各种方法的利弊、优缺点。采用资源化综合处理技术来处理城市生活垃圾。可以较好地实现减量化、无害化和资源化处理的目的。     

扩大内需的着力点——提高劳动力价格

扩张性财政政策和宽松的货币政策一度成为解决“内需”问题的良药。但实践证明,这种治标不治本的凯恩斯主义的药方最终会导致通货膨胀,不能根治经济中内需不足的问题。文章通过对国民收入分配中劳动者所处地位的分析,得出我国内需不足的问题来自于收入分配的问题。因此,扩大内需的着力点在于提高劳动力价格。     

高等教育质量对企业出口国内附加值的影响研究

本文基于我国高等教育质量和中国海关贸易数据库的数据,实证检验了高等教育质量对企业出口国内附加值的影响效应.实证结果显示,高等教育质量的提升对我国企业出口国内附加值有显著的正向影响.异质性分析显示:高等教育质量对外资企业有显著的正向影响,而对本土企业的影响不显著,对我国东部地区企业有显著的正向影响,而对中部和西部企业的影响不显著.机制检验显示:高等教育质量会通过增加企业生产率和提高技术创新两个渠道来提升企业出口国内附加值.根据研究结论,本文提出了相关建议.     

The political economy of the Trans-Pacific Partnership: a ‘21st Century’ trade agreement?

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was the first of the ‘Mega-FTAs’ to be signed. Had it been ratified, it would have created the world’s largest preferential trade area. The negotiators of the TPP aspired to create ‘a next-generation transformative agreement’ that would address a new trade agenda focused on regulatory coherence and business facilitation. The expectation was that this agenda would generate a 21st Century trade politics that would be less contentious, at least among business actors, than traditional negotiations on market access. Studies of another Mega-FTA under negotiation, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) that has a similar agenda found unified business support for the agreement domestically and the emergence of transnational business coalitions in support of the agreement. Recent theorising on trade politics suggests, however, that global value chains (GVCs) that involve vertical intra-industry trade introduce ‘traditional’ distributional issues that will divide business interests domestically – and, in the case of GVCs organised on different geographical bases, internationally as well. This cleavage was evident in the TPP negotiations, unlike those for TTIP, as were other divisions among business – both domestically and across countries – over the sharing of existing rents and of new rents generated by regulatory harmonisation.     

基于建立内需主导经济的消费投资关系研究

1998年金融危机以来，我国就开始实施内需主导型经济的战略，此次次贷危机的爆发加快了扩大内需政策的出台。发展内需主导型经济，是确保中国发展战略目标实现、加快中国产业结构升级和改善中国经济发展外部环境的要求。而内需包括国内投资需求和消费需求，要在推动内需主导型经济发展上取得明显效果，必须处理好消费与投资的关系问题。