高速公路建设生态环境影响评价指标体系研究

随着高速公路建设如火如荼的进行,总里程的不断增加,它对生态环境的影响与破坏愈来愈严重,所以有必要进行高速公路生态环境影响评价研究。文章通过对高速公路建设项目生态环境影响评价指标筛选原则、指标初选、指标体系确立的具体分析与研究,完成了高速公路建设项目生态环境影响评价指标体系的研究。     

佛教生态伦理观与生态旅游开发

佛教蕴含着丰富而深刻的生态伦理思想,佛教生态伦理观的基本特征集中表现在它的整体观、无我论、生命观、净土观以及日常的生态实践方面。佛教生态文化尽管存在不少的历史局限性,但是它留下的关于人与自然和谐相处的丰富经验和深刻智慧,为人类建设生态文明提供了宝贵的资源,对于旅游开发来说,还是有很多值得挖掘和利用的文化资源。     

热力景观在城市生态规划中的应用

本文在引入城市热力景观这一概念来综合反映城市生态环境的基础上,阐述了一种以城市热力景观为背景对城市进行规划的方法:利用生态廊道的传输作用、切割作用、防护作用,以廊道为纽带,以水、路、风、林等贯通性廊道对城市生态环境进行疏导,使生态效应由线向面扩展,用线网结构沟通,从而形成城市生态的优化机制。     

南水北调中线水源地生态与经济系统动态分析——以汉中市为例

把生态与经济系统耦合类型划分为生态良好经济发达型、生态良好经济欠发达型、生态脆弱经济发达型、生态脆弱经济欠发达型四种。基于生态足迹理论,构建了生态资本效用指数、生态&经济协调指数,对南水北调工程水源地汉中市1990～2009年生态经济系统运行态势进行了动态分析。结果如下:生态资本供需变化较大:1993年以前为生态盈余,1994～2001年为基本持平,2002～2009年为轻度赤字;生态压力逐渐增大,由1990年的0.74提高到2009年的1.15;2009年的生态资本转换效用是1990年的1.82倍,同期生态与经济协同发展指数提高了2.01倍。研究表明,汉中市生态与经济系统目前属于生态良好经济欠发达型。据此,提出了生态资源经济化的路径与建议。     

生态旅游的发展条件与可持续发展的保障模式研究

以发展生态旅游带动地区经济发展的跨越式发展模式被许多欠发达地区看好,但是如何真正做到旅游开发的可持续性是欠发达地区在实际发展中面临的共同问题。本文以浙江省欠发达地区丽水市为例,通过对丽水市发展生态旅游的条件、可持续发展的影响因素及保障模式的分析研究,阐明在生态旅游开发过程中政府、企业、个人等各开发主体和开发目标的关系,以保证地区发展在空间时间上的连续性和可持续性。     

Tourism at Costalegre,Mexico: An ecosystem services-based exploration of current challenges and alternative futures

Tourism, as all human activities, is dependent on the natural environment and its respective ecosystem services (ES). Different user groups manage and consume these touristic ES differently, resulting in discrepancies and potential conflicts. Despite the urgency to find inclusive local approaches for sustainable development, tourism studies still analyze socio-economic and ecological impacts separately and lack integrated social–ecological approaches to improve foresight in tourism planning. Based on a growing concern regarding the future of Costalegre on the Jalisco coast of Western Mexico, we analyze through interviews, surveys, and participant observation the dependence of tourism on specific ecosystem services and conduct a scenario analysis which shows present and future implications for the social–ecological system. Furthermore, this analysis shows in detail how different scenarios change ES provision and people's livelihoods. Key findings include identifying freshwater provision and cultural ES as the most important touristic ES. At a regional scale, peasants in ejidos are the main ES stewards, whereas high-class tourism facilities constitute important local stewards. Benefits, mainly access to freshwater and the beach, are unequally distributed, provoking conflicts among different ES user groups that may escalate in the near future. Improved communication between all user groups and strengthening of key political actors seem to be the most immediate recommendations to ensure the long term sustainability of this particular region. This work may contribute to improved planning and decision-making as our ES based scenarios are a first step to integrate social–ecological knowledge into improved decision-making. At a local scale, the study reveals the most likely future development options and their social and ecological consequences. It could also serve as a baseline for informed policy making.     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区建设新探

黄河三角洲地处山东省的东北部,是胜利油田所在地,是我国唯一一个尚未全面开发的大河三角洲。与国内其他两大大河三角洲相比,黄河三角洲成陆时间较晚,再加上黄河泥沙的淤积和海水倒灌,土地沙化、盐碱化现象十分严重,生态系统非常脆弱,生态环境很不理想,无法进行大规模、常规式开发,只能另辟新径,探索一条以环境保护和生态建设为己任的高效生态经济发展之路。后来,随着时光的推移,建立高效生态经济区、发展高效生态经济的思路渐渐清晰。2009年,国务院正式批复了《黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划》,黄河三角洲开发建设便上升到国家战略层面。实际上,黄河三角洲的开发建设,不仅关系到黄河三角洲自身的崛起,而且还影响着山东半岛、环渤海湾经济圈及其整个黄河流域发展进程。在此,不遗余力地加快黄河三角洲高效生态经济区建设确已势在必行,刻不容缓。     

城市化进程中生态景观补偿性设计理论及实践发展研究

我国城市化进程在加速,目前旧城改造项目十分普遍.文章从城市更新改造的角度提出生态景观的补偿性设计思想,对其国内外的理论演变及实践发展展开了详细的论述,对我国城市建设中生态景观建设现状进行了思考.     

中国生态贫困的主体分析

基于CAS理论的视角,考虑相关数据,将对生态贫困产生影响的因素从四个方面进行分类,建立中国生态贫困影响因素测度指标体系框架,并运用eviews计量模型,从实证的角度对中国生态贫困的影响因素及形成机制进行分析.结果证明生态资本变化率对贫困变化率有着最为显著性影响,而且这种影响表现为二者之间存在负相关关系,即生态资本与贫困的相关变化率为负.合理经营生态资本,促进生态资本增值有利于生态贫困治理.     

Searching for the sunk cost fallacy

We seek to isolate in the laboratory factors that encourage and discourage the sunk cost fallacy. Subjects play a computer game in which they decide whether to keep digging for treasure on an island or to sink a cost (which will turn out to be either high or low) to move to another island. The research hypothesis is that subjects will stay longer on islands that were more costly to find. Eleven treatment variables are considered, e.g. alternative visual displays, whether the treasure value of an island is shown on arrival or discovered by trial and error, and alternative parameters for sunk costs. The data reveal a surprisingly small sunk cost effect that is generally insensitive to the proposed psychological drivers. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . Jel Classification C91, D11