Crowding standards at Petra Archaeological Park: a comparative study of McKercher's five types of heritage tourists

To achieve sustainability in heritage tourism, tourists should be placed at the heart of the management and planning processes. Indicators and standards-based frameworks were developed in the field of outdoor recreation management to manage and measure crowding and other problematic issues in parks and related areas. Using normative theory and visual research methods, this article aims to examine crowding standards of tourists at Petra Archaeological Park, and compare these standards between the types of heritage tourists suggested by a model developed by Bob McKercher. Results showed that tourists’ acceptability levels go down with an increasing number of tourists, and tourists who are highly motivated to visit heritage sites (i.e. purposeful and sightseeing heritage tourists) had the most restrictive acceptable number of tourists at the park. The normative standards formulated in this article provided a guidance to manage crowding at Petra.     

A green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations

This paper presents a green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations which has been developed in the case study destination of Bali, Indonesia. Whilst the term “green economy” can have many interpretations, here it refers to the global strategy framework surrounding Rio+20, as well as the policies and strategies being developed by tourism destinations as a response. Many uncertainties remain about the effectiveness of these efforts and how they may be measured. For lesser developed countries in particular, reliable data is often difficult to obtain and this study uses a case study approach to identify the relevant, and measurable, indicators in this context. First, a nominal group technique was applied to identify the green economy issues for local tourism stakeholders. The indicators were then selected based on the green economy literature and a review of the available secondary data for the destination. Data on greenhouse gas emissions from tourism was identified as one of the critical gaps and an estimate is provided to show how this could be obtained and monitored. While this indicator framework was developed specifically for Bali, the case study may be relevant for many other island destinations in the lesser developed world that are experiencing rapid tourism growth.     

Developing energy conservation and carbon reduction indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan

This study develops and weights energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan to create an instrument to help address climate change. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior hotel managers, environmental specialists, and government officials to identify the preliminary ECCR framework. An expert panel then was invited to review the structure of ECCR criteria and the compiled criteria in a structure for item modification. An analytic network process questionnaire survey was employed to determine the relative weights of the criteria. The data analysis reveals seven categories in the ECCR framework: communication and participation, top management commitment, energy, water, waste, building, and purchasing. A total of 32 indicators were identified and prioritized in terms of their relative importance to ECCR contributions. The results of this study suggest that the success of ECCR implementation depends primarily on management support and staff engagement. Hotel operators can improve their environmental management by initiating ECCR practices based on the proposed ECCR indicators.     

The effects of beach characteristics and location with respect to hotel prices

This paper measures the effects of beach characteristics and hotel location with respect to the beach on sun-and-beach hotel prices by using a well-established hedonic perspective. The paper’s main results are that, after controlling for the relevant variables, location in front of a beach increases the price of a room in costal hotels of Catalonia by a figure between 13 and 17%, and that a Blue Flag increases the price by around 11.5%. The effects on hotels’ prices of other beach characteristics (such as beach length, width, sand type or beach services) are also estimated. With these estimates, the paper ranks beaches according to their characteristics and provides a setting to assess different policies regarding beaches from the point of view of hotels, such as regeneration, maintenance or achieving a Blue Flag award.     

深圳市环境事件应急处置服务费用定价方法研究

基于深圳环境形势和应急处置服务的特殊性,总结了环境应急处置服务费用的影响因素及其构成要素,初步研究符合深圳实际的环境应急处置服务费用定价方法。深圳市环境应急处置服务费用包含了4大类、9小类的构成要素及数十项具体收费项目,基本涵盖当前环境应急处置服务的主要内容。列明了大部分项目的计价公式和计价单位,对无法详细列明或难以给出具体收费数额的项目,依据共性原则列出了公式和关键参数,确保有效指导费用的计算。     

基于模糊层次分析法和聚类分析的突发事件分级研究

针对传统的突发事件分级缺乏对灾害事件救援和治理过程中的动态分析,难以准确的量化分级,难以为实际的工作提供科学的指导等问题。本文以某地区旱灾为例,采用模糊层次分析法结合聚类分析对突发事件进行分级,它能够有效整合专家共识,满足突发事件分级的要求和体现突发事件分级中的动态性。     

公路突发事件应急能力实证分析

公路突发事件应急能力评估是公路应急管理工作的基础。以公路为研究对象,采用静态与动态相结合的方法,从基础制度建设能力和应急应对能力两个维度构建公路突发事件应急能力评价指标体系。运用层次分析法和DELPHI法对系统各指标因素进行量化解析,确定各因子对公路应急系统的作用大小,并分析其灵敏度和权重因子。结果表明,应急应对能力在公路突发事件的处理中占重要地位,在基础制度建设能力中信息保障占据首要地位,其次是经费资金和应急抢通;在应急应对能力方面,事故发生前的检测预警对于事故灾害的减缓显得尤为重要,通信与信息设备状况的重要性紧随其后。     

基于价值链将财务与非财务指标相结合综合评价公司业绩

本文在概览公司业绩评价发展及现状的基础上,简单分析了主要评价方法,指出业绩评价指标应用中存在的问题,进而推测未来综合业绩评价的发展趋势,并且建议基于价值链将财务与非财务指标相结合综合评价公司业绩。     

浅谈应急电源EPS的工作原理

随着社会的进步,对供电依赖的加大,EPS应急电源越来越受到重视,文章对应急电源的工作原理进行了系统的阐述,并结合北京西站行包库改扩建工程电力工程的实例,对EPS应急电源的应用进行了说明。     

路网环境下危险品运输的风险控制及应急保障机制研究

研究了我国路网环境下交通特点、危险品运输特点及危险品紧急事件的风险特征,剖析了危险品运输的致灾因子,提出了路网环境下危险品运输的风险控制一般模式、技术框架和应急保障机制建议,为我国具有特殊性和复杂性的路网环境下危险品运输安全监管提供可借鉴的思路。