市场均衡就业区间与劳动市场的“连续非出清”特性

市场经济条件下厂商将其供给量调整到合理水平所需的费用可称为微观调节成本。由于存在微观调节成本，传统分析中宏观层面上的就业均衡中心点两侧便分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点”，这两点界定了一个“市场均衡就业区间”，社会就业一旦进入该区间，市场机制便不可能再对其作出调节。“市场均衡就业区间”的存在，使现代市场经济条件下的劳动市场成为一种特殊的“连续非出清市场”，其直观表现即经济运行中经常性地存在两个层面的就业失衡：根源于有效需求不足的“需求短缺型产业”，与存在于市场均衡就业区间内部的“区间内就业失衡”。前可通过实行各种扩张性经济政策予以消除，后才则一般需采取多种特殊政策措施方可有效应对，其中，积极扶持和促进个体经济发展对有效化解“区间内就业不足”，从而减轻就业压力具有独特作用，因而尤应引起高度重视。     

解决高职高专毕业生就业难的途径探析

高职高专毕业生就业难度不断增大 ,这在一定程度上制约了高职高专的发展。为了走出就业困境 ,提高就业率 ,本文从六个方面阐述了解决高职高专毕业生就业困难的途径     

解决农民问题的关键是加快实现农民身份转换

解决农民问题的关键是扩大就业，这是一个缺乏根据的悖论，我国社会结构变动滞后于经济结构的变动，工业化中保留着庞大的农民群体，农民队伍未发生分化，此乃当前我国农民问题的症结所在，为此，必须尽快创新一种推动农民身份变革以逐步减少农民的新机制，只有这样，才能扩大农产品的商品性需求乃至整个市场需求，进而促进经济发展，扩大农民就业。     

贸易自由化对发展中国家女性就业影响研究述评

现有文献对贸易自由化影响发展中国家女性就业的研究,主要集中在影响的机制、贸易对就业机会的创造或破坏以及在性别工资收入上产生的差异等领域.贸易自由化通过对商品相对价格的改变来影响女性就业,影响的程度受所在国客观经济条件和女性主观因素的制约.多数的研究认为,贸易自由化增加了女性的就业机会,但在不同国家(地区)以及不同产业(部门)的增加幅度又有所差异.关于贸易自由化对发展中国家性别工资差距的影响,理论界存在着两种截然相反的观点.     

基于物元理论的军工科研项目虚拟组织及合作伙伴选择方法

军工科研项目的运作需要解决两个问题:建立何种组织结构?组织结构的成员如何选择?文章首先指出了军工科研项目运作的阶段任务,进一步以物元理论为基础,构建了军工科研项目虚拟组织——物元蛛网协模型(MECCM)和合作伙伴选择方法——优度评价方法。最后,以某军工研究所承担的军方项目×××为案例,对所提出的方法进行了实际应用。     

Predicting benchmarked US state employment data in real time

US payroll employment data come from a survey and are subject to revisions. While revisions are generally small at the national level, they can be large enough at the state level to alter assessments of current economic conditions. Users must therefore exercise caution in interpreting state employment data until they are “benchmarked” against administrative data 5–16 months after the reference period. This article develops a state-space model that predicts benchmarked state employment data in real time. The model has two distinct features: (1) an explicit model of the data revision process and (2) a dynamic factor model that incorporates real-time information from other state-level labor market indicators. We find that the model reduces the average size of benchmark revisions by about 11 percent. When we optimally average the model’s predictions with those of existing models, the model reduces the average size of the revisions by about 14 percent.     

Towards Ending the Silence: Working Women Caring for Children with Chronic Illness

This paper presents stories from women who work and care for a child with a significant chronic illness or disability. The purpose of this paper is to move towards ending the silence on their lives. A three-phase emergent research design responds to the question: What is life like for a full-time worker who is concurrently the primary carer of a chronically ill child? This paper considers the theory of Silencing the Self (Jack, 1991) in relation to the emergent themes of “Otherness” and “Doing it All.” As in Jack’s study, these women also engaged in silencing of the self. However, unlike the respondents in Jack’s study, these women did not demonstrate feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness for the future, nor were they alone in contributing to their silence. Indeed, many experienced silencing behaviors from others around them, and many rallied against the silence, not accepting that their burden should continue. Consideration of Jack’s theory is made to point out the distinctions between the women in this study and Jack’s study, and analytical commentary is provided to demonstrate the relevance of this analysis in light of the current debates surrounding the Work–Home Conflict and the rising levels of informal care provided by women in our communities.     

论我国农村会计核算模式及其选择

影响农村会计核算规范的因素是多方面的,本文从农村会计核算模式选择的角度进行了研究。首先从理论上探讨了几种农村会计核算模式并结合农村实际进行了分析;其次,笔者在文中提出了我国农村会计核算模式的选择和评判原则;最后,提出了农村会计核算模式选择的基本思路。     

Wrongful firing in violation of public policy: Who gets fired and why

We extend the whistle-blowing literature to the context of wrongful firings that violate a public policy. Our results suggest that the incidence of wrongful firings varies, depending on the employee’s gender and tenure, and the industry in which the organization operates. Wrongful firings do not occur more frequently in certain occupations, since firms wrongfully discharge professional and managerial employees as often as employees in technical, clerical, and laborer occupations. We also show that gender, tenure, occupation, and industry, in combination, can distinguish between three types of wrongful firings in violation of public policy. Our results support the application of theory and empirical research on whistle-blowing to the wrongful firing context, aiding researchers interested in developing explanations of wrongful firings in violation of public policy. For managers, our study points to the need to develop more effective responses to employees exercising legal rights, refusing to participate in illegal or unethical activities, and performing a public duty or obligation, such as whistle-blowing.     

Expectations of Consistency in Organizational Life: Stories of Inconsistency from People with Unseen Chronic Illness

This paper commences by considering that the current global climate of terrorism and human suffering demands a more critical consideration of flawed expectations. Addressed here is the flawed expectation of consistency in organizational life. Work life narratives from people with unseen chronic illness, that is, illness that is ongoing, may not be treatable or curable, and cannot be seen by colleagues, are considered to portray the problematic outcomes of expectations of consistency. Respondents of this phenomenological study demonstrate that expectations of consistency, from themselves and others, were unreasonable as their responses to situations and their illness demands varied from day to day and minute to minute—a problem for one working in the rational workplace. What is concluded is that recognition of the postmodern perspective, especially its appreciation of the multiphrenic qualities in these peoples lives, may assist understanding of these people's experiences, as well as the experiences of other traumatized individuals. Adherence to flawed expectations may make things worse.