奥肯定律与扩大的奥肯模型估计——关于中国就业与经济增长的数量关系实证(1978-2003)

奥肯定律表明与正常的(或潜在的或趋势的)增长率相比,高产出增长伴随着失业率的降低,低产出增长伴随着失业率的上升.作为一种经验规律,奥肯定律在西方很多国家的实践中得到了良好的验证.本文根据1978年以来中国的宏观经济统计数据进行模型回归检验,结果显示我国城镇登记失业率的变化与实际产出增长率之间不存在典型的奥肯规律.由于我国公开的失业率并不能反映真实的市场失业率,为此用就业量代替失业率,建立扩大的奥肯模型,分别对我国第一、二和三产业的就业增长与经济增长的数量关系进行估计.实证的结果显示我国第二、三产业的就业增长与产出增长和物价上涨均为正相关;而我国农业的就业增长与产出增长存在负相关.     

网络经济条件下的产品内分工与模块化生产

产品内分工、模块化生产是与网络经济紧密联系在一起的，生产和供应过程不同工序、区段和环节在不同的空间完成，然后在同一个地方形成最终产品，这样的生产方式实际上就是网络经济条件下一种典型的生产方式，因而必须遵循网络经济条件下的规则，并且其本身也具有一定的规律性。本文就网络经济条件下产品内分工的根源、模块化生产的特征及作用进行了探讨，旨在加深对分工问题的认识以及获得解决一些现实经济问题的启示。     

区域产业结构与就业结构的比较及启示——基于重庆市万州区和涪陵区的分析

产业结构和就业结构的变化反映出区域经济发展的资源分配结构及其发展进程和水平.分析发现,万州区与涪陵区在产业结构上都存在第一产业所占比重与其吸纳劳动力的比重不一致的现象,其中,涪陵区第二产业比重较大但吸纳劳动力能力较弱,而万州区第三产业吸纳劳动力能力要弱于涪陵区.两地应大力发展第三产业以改善就业结构,充分吸纳从第一产业转移出来的劳动力.     

硕士研究生就业政策探析

目前,硕士研究生就业局势严峻,我国现有的有关硕士研究生就业政策总体上呈现数量少和内容不具有针对性的特点,此外,早期的硕士研究生就业政策强调硕士研究对国家发展的作用,硕士研究生就业政策未能有效发挥促进硕士研究生更好就业的效果。本文对我国硕士研究生就业政策制定、执行和评价过程中存在的问题进行探析,并提出相关思考,希望能够更好促进硕士研究生就业。     

影响农村三种非农就业途径的主要因素研究--对天津市农村社会的实证分析

文章探讨了影响农村劳动力非农就业倾向的主要因素。研究结果表明,区位条件对农村劳动力非农就业倾向的影响,主要表现为近城地区以大量企业及相对发达的各种要素市场为第一优势,吸纳了更多劳动力进入本地企业就业。教育总体上是影响农村劳动力非农就业倾向的最重要因素。但其在近城地区的影响却位居第二。在远城地区教育对增大农村非农就业倾向的作用更为显著,而且受教育程度越高这种倾向就越显著。各种文化水平的影响都普遍促进了劳动者到外地企业就业,但对进入本地企业就业和家庭非农经营的促进却并不普遍,其中初中教育对农民在本地企业就业的作用更显著些;高中教育提高农民从事非农家庭经营的倾向最为明显。耕地数量抑制农户劳动力外出务工,但对其在本地企业就业和家庭非农经营的影响也不显著。乡镇企业的发展增大了农民进入本地企业的就业倾向,劳动者供养的非劳动人口数量对农民非农就业的正向影响不显著,农户拥有的非农业和农业生产性资产对农村非农就业的影响不大。因此,加快推进农村城镇化;加强边远农村地区的中等教育,特别是职业技能教育;大力发展乡企和私企;完善农村社会保障体系;构建农村劳动供求信息系统等,是促进农村劳动力加速向非农产业转移的重要途径。     

The long-run effects of the real exchange rate on employment and wages in Canadian manufacturing

ABSTRACT

The literature on real exchange rate effects on the labour market is dominated by short-run analysis showing that there is heterogeneity in the responses of firms or industries to a real exchange rate shock. Analysing data on Canadian manufacturing industries, I conclude that there is a common long-run equilibrium across all manufacturing industries controlling for their openness to trade after varying adjustments to a real exchange rate shock have taken place. This conclusion is important from the perspective of policy making because it helps to form expectations about the effects of a real exchange rate movement on the labour market. The results suggest that real appreciation leads to economically significant reductions in employment in manufacturing in the long run. Real wages decrease in industries that are highly engaged in international trade and somewhat increase in industries that are relatively closed to international trade. Both employment and real wages converge quickly to the long-run equilibrium.     

Employee Rights, Employee Responsibilities and Knowledge Sharing in Intelligent Organization

Much is currently being written about the need to encourage employees to share knowledge in order for companies to maintain a role as an intelligent organization in a technologically sophisticated environment. However, there is little written of the relationship between employee rights to satisfactory employment conditions, employee responsibilities in decision-making, and employee willingness to share their knowledge collaboratively. This paper seeks to redress this gap by discussing the importance of the relationship between employee rights and responsibilities and employee willingness to share knowledge. The reaction of a group of employees (academics) employed in an Intelligent Organization (university) to a reduction in their rights and responsibilities is discussed in order to design a framework of employee rights and responsibilities required for knowledge sharing in intelligent organizations.     

产业结构、就业贡献率与就业增长——基于云南省第三产业的实证

通过产业结构偏离度的分解和比较,对云南第三产业就业进行实证分析,较充分论证了云南第三产业还有很大的吸纳就业的潜力,并指出了就业有效增长的第三产业内部行业的选择.研究表明:(1)近10年,云南一、二、三产业的就业贡献率分别为27.8%、2.2%、69.9%,新增就业岗位的69.9%由第三产业提供,第三产业产值每增长1个百分点,平均增加就业岗位就达1.56万个,比第二产业多0.9万个;(2)云南第三产业在发展的同时没有充分发挥其吸纳就业的能力,还有很大的就业吸纳空间;(3)批发零售贸易餐饮业、社区服务业将是云南第三产业扩大就业的主要行业,而交通运输仓储及邮电通信业则很难有较大吸纳就业的空间.     

当前高校学生管理工作中的法律问题初探

随着我国法治化进程的加快,人们依法维权意识不断增强,大学生依法维权状告学校的案件时有发生.在高等学校学生管理工作中,如何行使依法办学自主权,维护学校和学生权益,是当前高等学校学生管理工作中亟待解决的问题.本文通过对目前高校学生管理工作中,特别是对违纪学生处理方面存在的法律问题的阐述和分析,提出了依法加强学生管理工作的几点建议.     

Barriers to employee rights: Gender,selection, and the labor process

This article applies a labor process analysis to the issue of employment rights in the particular context of gender inequality and unlawful discrimination in the recruitment process. It criticizes conventional perspectives on employee rights for their failure to examine critically managerial power and prerogative and its implications for gender inequality. The article outlines two particular labor process theories of gender divisions and inequality. In exploring the strengths and weaknesses of these more critical perspectives, the article highlights the analytical significance that they ascribe to power asymmetries in the labor process and labor market. Building on this perspective, the analysis then presents empirical data on gender discrimination in the selection practices of contemporary UK organizations. The research material reveals how gender discrimination can be reproduced, rationalized, and resisted. These empirical findings are theorized through a combined labor process analysis of power, knowledge, and identity in recruitment practices. We conclude that labor process analysis facilitates our understanding of the deep-seated barriers that continue to impede the protection of employee rights in workplace practices.