Decentralization,Economic Development,and Growth in Turkish Provinces

There have been important developments in the decentralization of the government structure in Turkey since the early 1980s. This paper examines economic development and growth in Turkish provinces. It first discusses local government reforms throughout the history of Turkey with the focus on recent reform efforts. It then empirically analyzes the effects of recent decentralization reforms in Turkish provinces using cross-sectional and panel data approaches as well as spatial econometrics. The panel data set consists of sixty-seven provinces from 1976 to 2001. Using the number of local governments per capita and number of local governments per square kilometer of land to indicate decentralization, the analysis examines whether variations in local decentralization across these provinces and across time have significantly affected economic development and growth in those provinces. The findings suggest a weak negative economic effect of decentralization through a number of municipalities per capita. However, the findings do not show any significant effect from the creation of new provinces by separation from the existing ones.     

也谈高校职业指导师的素质

作为高校职业指导师，应具备突出的政治思想素质，掌握扎实的职业理论知识和心理学知识，有良好的语言沟通能力和丰富的生活经验，并能与时俱进地丰富自己，才能为学生提供行之有效的就业指导。     

Protecting Solar: Global Supply Chains and Business Power

Governments invested substantially in renewable energy industries in responding to climate change, while seeking to promote economic growth. They also engaged in a series of major trade disputes, notably in the solar photovoltaic and wind sectors. The European Union (EU)–China solar dispute is one of the largest such cases. In 2013, the European Commission (EC) announced duties on imports of solar products from Chinese manufacturers. This decision was at odds with the fact that the majority of the European solar industry opposed tariffs. We propose that the decision was affected by a shift in negotiating power between business and the EC. We suggest that the rise of global supply chains undermined the structural power of industry by dividing manufacturers over trade policy and by fragmenting the information conveyed to policy-makers. This provided an opportunity to the Commission to engage in ‘interest shopping’ by selecting an industry position that matched its own interest. Evidence from a comparative case study on EU and German responses to solar imports supports our argument. The findings suggest that the globalisation of production can strengthen the negotiating power of policy-makers, and implies that policy-makers face new trade-offs at the intersection of manufacturing and climate policy.     

Defining and measuring informal employment in South Africa

There is limited consensus on how to define informal employment in South Africa, but in the South African and international literature the three most common ways of capturing informal employment are the enterprise, employment relationship and worker characteristics approaches. This paper reviews the methods used by Statistics South Africa to measure informal employment before and after the introduction of the Quarterly Labour Force Survey, and other recently proposed methods. It then investigates the congruence, if any, between five measures of informality used in 2009. It finds that 94.7% of the self-employed are informal according to at least one definition, but only 62.6% according to all five combined. In addition, these two proportions are only 67.7% and 6.9% respectively in the case of informal employees. Econometric analysis is conducted to further investigate the differences between these measures.     

主题公园周边非正规就业管制的堵与疏——以北京欢乐谷为例

基于北京欢乐谷的实证研究,分析了主题公园非正规就业的类型和特征,研究了主题公园非正规就业的发生机制和非正规就业者的生存状态,总结了主题公园非正规就业的特殊性,建议在各个利益相关群体集体"默许"的背景下,对主题公园非正规就业不能一味地"堵",而应侧重于"疏",为非正规就业提供一个走向正规化的平台。     

我国大学生的就业压力分析

大学生就业难及其面临的各种压力是社会发展的客观现实。为了减缓种种压力,毕业生要转变就业观念、提高自身综合素质,高校要改变教育观念,加强就业指导,以适应社会需求,用人单位要确立正确的选才观念,以便人尽其才,国家宏观上要保持经济增长,以便拓展就业岗位和领域,全社会共同努力,才能缓解当前大学生的就业压力。     

基于高校就业指导战略目标定位的思考

教育部将就业率作为高校办学工作的重要考核指标,加之大学生就业难的事实,高校为了生存不得不将就业率摆在就业指导目标的首位。然而如此运作以来,频现急功近利、投机取巧之乱象,那么,高校就业指导究竟何去何从,才能有效突破就业及就业率的瓶颈,进而形成可持续的良性发展格局,最终实现学生、学校和政府的共赢?本文试图从国际化大视野角度,依据经典案例,通过对社会上宽口径企业的用人之道及用人价值取向研究,结合国内相关学校的宝贵思想理念和实践,提出并解析踏踏实实育人才是就业指导战略目标的根本。     

促进科技中介市场发展与大学生就业的地方立法问题研究

本文针对经济危机冲击下的我国地方政府,如何可持续地发展经济,促进科技中介市场的形成,有效安置大学生就业这一问题,从法学视角出发,结合科技中介市场情况的调研,客观地分析了一些地方政府在启动科技中介市场上存在的弊端,在结合我国国情和借鉴国外相关立法经验的基础上,对我国地方政府促进科技中介市场的发展与有效安置大学生就业相衔接的措施,作出了法律制度上的设计。     

How to keep trade policy open: the case of Indonesia

We explore the ups and downs of trade protectionism in Indonesia since the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98. The key constraints to unilateral trade reform include exchange rate factors, the political economy of consumer–producer behaviour, institutional complexity and global pressures. We conclude that trade reform is likely to face difficulties, with protectionism on the rise again, but that, during the temporary halt in the World Trade Organization's Doha Round of trade negotiations, Indonesia may be able to use regional and international engagement to counterbalance rising protectionism.     

社会体育专业大学生就业现状调查与分析

随着我国经济建设的迅速发展,体育运动已经成为了都市快节奏生活的调味剂,广泛地被应用到生活娱乐当中。文章通过分析陕西省高校社会体育专业学生的就业现状和社会对体育教育人才的需求情况,提出课程设置建议,以满足社会需求。